{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T22:00:26Z","timestamp":1772143226323,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,12]],"date-time":"2021-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The thymus is a specialized primary lymphoid organ located in the midline pre-vascular mediastinum. The organ is the site of various pathological processes, neoplastic and not, whose rarity has not allowed in-depth studies on clinical or histological features of rarest and unusual variants. Herein, we report a 10-year Padova experience in the surgical pathology of the thymus, focusing on the pathological description of nonneoplastic lesions and rare epithelial and mesenchymal tumors recorded in our database, which comprises over 600 thymectomies. The extrapolated rare cases have been categorized into four groups that included 15 cysts, 18 carcinomas, 5 neuroendocrine tumors, and 2 soft tissue tumors. The cases are described from a clinical and pathological point of view and discussed in dedicated sections with a review of the most important literature. In this case, review series, we aim to update the epidemiology of these rare entities, improve diagnostic awareness, and finally, promote a collaborative network between referral centers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13164056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,12]],"date-time":"2021-08-12T10:54:41Z","timestamp":1628765681000},"page":"4056","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Rarest of Rare Thymic Lesions: A 10-Year Surgical Pathology Experience"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Fiorella","family":"Calabrese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8954-5888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Fortarezza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8023-3108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Pezzuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5792-4683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Lunardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Comacchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Sbaraglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Pasello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Marulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angelo Paolo","family":"Dei Tos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Rea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.001","article-title":"The role of the thymus in the immune response","volume":"29","author":"Thapa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Thorac. 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