{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T20:12:21Z","timestamp":1791663141905,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":169,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]],"date-time":"2021-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003042","name":"Else Kr\u00f6ner-Fresenius-Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Else Kr\u00f6ner Forschungskolleg AntiAge"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Else Kr\u00f6ner Forschungskolleg AntiAge"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003042","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Interdisziplin\u00e4res Zentrum f\u00fcr Klinische Forschung Jena","award":["FF04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FF04"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of plasma cells infiltrating the bone marrow (BM). Many studies have demonstrated the crucial involvement of bone marrow stromal cells in MM progression and drug resistance. Together with the BM microenvironment (BMME), epigenetics also plays a crucial role in MM development. A variety of epigenetic regulators, including histone acetyltransferases (HATs), histone methyltransferases (HMTs) and lysine demethylases (KDMs), are altered in MM, contributing to the disease progression and prognosis. In addition to histone modifications, DNA methylation also plays a crucial role. Among others, aberrant epigenetics involves processes associated with the BMME, like bone homeostasis, ECM remodeling or the development of treatment resistance. In this review, we will highlight the importance of the interplay of MM cells with the BMME in the development of treatment resistance. Additionally, we will focus on the epigenetic aberrations in MM and their role in disease evolution, interaction with the BMME, disease progression and development of drug resistance. We will also briefly touch on the epigenetic treatments currently available or currently under investigation to overcome BMME-driven treatment resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13164069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]],"date-time":"2021-08-13T05:34:46Z","timestamp":1628832886000},"page":"4069","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Investigating the Interplay between Myeloma Cells and Bone Marrow Stromal Cells in the Development of Drug Resistance: Dissecting the Role of Epigenetic Modifications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Sch\u00fctt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Internal Medicine 2, Hematology and Oncology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine Jena (CMB), Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"Clinic of Internal Medicine C, Hematology and Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Palliative Care, Greifswald University Medicine, 17475 Greifswald, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresa","family":"N\u00e4gler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Internal Medicine 2, Hematology and Oncology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tino","family":"Schenk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Internal Medicine 2, Hematology and Oncology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine Jena (CMB), Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"Clinic of Internal Medicine C, Hematology and Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Palliative Care, Greifswald University Medicine, 17475 Greifswald, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4072-7592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annamaria","family":"Brioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Internal Medicine 2, Hematology and Oncology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"Clinic of Internal Medicine C, Hematology and Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Palliative Care, Greifswald University Medicine, 17475 Greifswald, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00135-5","article-title":"Multiple myeloma","volume":"397","author":"Pawlyn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Lond. 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