{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T09:20:33Z","timestamp":1791537633755,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,18]],"date-time":"2021-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000321","name":"World Cancer Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2012\/1003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012\/1003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Interactions between circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and platelets are thought to inhibit natural killer(NK)-cell-induced lysis. We attempted to correlate CTC numbers in men with advanced prostate cancer with platelet counts and circulating lymphocyte numbers. Sixty-one ExPeCT trial participants, divided into overweight\/obese and normal weight groups on the basis of a BMI \u2265 25 or &lt;25, were randomized to participate or not in a six-month exercise programme. Blood samples at randomization, and at three and six months, were subjected to ScreenCell filtration, circulating platelet counts were obtained, and flow cytometry was performed on a subset of samples (n = 29). CTC count positively correlated with absolute total lymphocyte count (r2 = 0.1709, p = 0.0258) and NK-cell count (r2 = 0.49, p &lt; 0.0001). There was also a positive correlation between platelet count and CTC count (r2 = 0.094, p = 0.0001). Correlation was also demonstrated within the overweight\/obese group (n = 123, p &lt; 0.0001), the non-exercise group (n = 79, p = 0.001) and blood draw samples lacking platelet cloaking (n = 128, p &lt; 0.0001). By flow cytometry, blood samples from the exercise group (n = 15) had a higher proportion of CD3+ T-lymphocytes (p = 0.0003) and lower proportions of B-lymphocytes (p = 0.0264) and NK-cells (p = 0.015) than the non-exercise group (n = 14). These findings suggest that CTCs engage in complex interactions with the coagulation cascade and innate immune system during intravascular transit, and they present an attractive target for directed therapy at a vulnerable stage in metastasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13184690","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]],"date-time":"2021-09-20T07:52:14Z","timestamp":1632124334000},"page":"4690","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Circulating Tumour Cell Numbers Correlate with Platelet Count and Circulating Lymphocyte Subsets in Men with Advanced Prostate Cancer: Data from the ExPeCT Clinical Trial (CTRIAL-IE 15-21)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5644-7253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian","family":"Hayes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histopathology, Cork University Hospital, T12DC4A Cork, Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, University College Cork, T12DC4A Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Brady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08NHY1 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gr\u00e1inne","family":"Sheill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D08NHY1 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Marie","family":"Baird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08NHY1 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emer","family":"Guinan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D08NHY1 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan","family":"Stanfill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Dunne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, St James\u2019s Hospital, D08NHY1 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dean","family":"Holden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, St James\u2019s Hospital, D08NHY1 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatjana","family":"Vlajnic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orla","family":"Casey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Trials Ireland, D11KXN4 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Verena","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Trials Ireland, D11KXN4 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Greene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08NHY1 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma H.","family":"Allott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08NHY1 Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliette","family":"Hussey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D08NHY1 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fidelma","family":"Cahill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King\u2019s College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Translational Oncology and Urology (TOUR), London SE1 9RT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mieke","family":"Van Hemelrijck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King\u2019s College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Translational Oncology and Urology (TOUR), London SE1 9RT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Peat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guy\u2019s and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorelei A.","family":"Mucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moya","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, St Luke\u2019s Hospital, D06HH36 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liam","family":"Grogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Beaumont Hospital, D09V2N0 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, St James\u2019s Hospital, D08NHY1 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rustom P.","family":"Manecksha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, St James\u2019s Hospital, D08NHY1 Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, D08NHY1 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"McCaffrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Mater Misericordiae Hospital, D07AX57 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dearbhaile M.","family":"O\u2019Donnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HOPE Directorate, St James\u2019s Hospital, D08NHY1 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orla","family":"Sheils","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08NHY1 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7311-9326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John J.","family":"O\u2019Leary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08NHY1 Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Histopathology, St James\u2019s Hospital, D08NHY1 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Rudman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guy\u2019s and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ray","family":"McDermott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Tallaght University Hospital, D24NR0A Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8628-5814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen","family":"Finn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08NHY1 Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"Cancer Trials Ireland, D11KXN4 Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Histopathology, St James\u2019s Hospital, D08NHY1 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6302","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-08-0872","article-title":"Circulating Tumor Cells Predict Survival Benefit from Treatment in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer","volume":"14","author":"Scher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. 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