{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T17:55:45Z","timestamp":1780422945517,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":158,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,4]],"date-time":"2021-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015053","name":"Amt der N\u00d6 Landesregierung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LS18-010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LS18-010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Relapsed\/refractory (RR) multiple myeloma (MM) patients are a fragile population because of prolonged drug exposure and advanced age. Preserving a good quality of life is of high priority for these patients and the treatment of disease- and treatment-related complications plays a key role in their management. By preventing and limiting MM-induced complications, supportive care improves patients\u2019 outcome. Erythropoietin-stimulating agents and bisphosphonates are well-established supportive strategies, yet novel agents are under investigation, such as anabolic bone agents and activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) inhibitors. The recent dramatic changes in the treatment landscape of MM pose an additional challenge for the routine care of RRMM patients. Multidrug combinations in first and later lines increase the risk for long-lasting toxicities, including adverse cardiovascular and neurological events. Moreover, recently approved first-in-class drugs have unique side-effect profiles, such as ocular toxicity of belantamab mafodotin or gastrointestinal toxicity of selinexor. This review discusses current standards in supportive treatment of RRMM patients, including recommendations in light of the recent SARS-CoV-19 pandemic, and critically looks at the incidence and management of side effects of standard as well as next generation anti-MM agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13194978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,4]],"date-time":"2021-10-04T09:24:15Z","timestamp":1633339455000},"page":"4978","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Management of Adverse Events and Supportive Therapy in Relapsed\/Refractory Multiple Myeloma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Samantha","family":"Pozzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo 71, 41124 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9538-2499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessia","family":"Bari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo 71, 41124 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Pecherstorfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine 2, University Hospital Krems, Mitterweg 10, 3500 Krems, Austria"},{"name":"Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Stra\u00dfe 30, 3500 Krems, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Vallet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine 2, University Hospital Krems, Mitterweg 10, 3500 Krems, Austria"},{"name":"Molecular Oncology and Hematology Unit, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Stra\u00dfe 30, 3500 Krems, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2018.2128","article-title":"Global Burden of Multiple Myeloma: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"4","author":"Cowan","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-018-0068-5","article-title":"A systematic classification of death causes in multiple myeloma","volume":"8","author":"Mai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2019000524","article-title":"Long-term outcomes after autologous stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma","volume":"4","author":"Nishimura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.16674","article-title":"Incidence and survival of multiple myeloma: A population-based study of 10,524 patients diagnosed 1982\u20132017","volume":"191","author":"Langseth","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. 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