{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T00:09:05Z","timestamp":1792195745217,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":138,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]],"date-time":"2021-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Forschung Nieder\u00f6sterreich","award":["K3-F-730\/003-2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K3-F-730\/003-2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite the challenges imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, exciting therapeutic progress continues to be made in MM. New drug approvals for relapsed\/refractory (RR)MM in 2020\/2021 include the second CD38 monoclonal antibody, isatuximab, the first BCMA-targeting therapy and first-in-class antibody\u2013drug conjugate (ADC) belantamab mafodotin, the first BCMA-targeting CAR T cell product Idecabtagen-Vicleucel (bb2121, Ide-Cel), the first in-class XPO-1 inhibitor selinexor, as well as the first-in-class anti-tumor peptide-drug conjugate, melflufen. The present introductory article of the Special Issue on \u201cAdvances in the Treatment of Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma: Novel Agents, Immunotherapies and Beyond\u201d summarizes the most recent registration trials and emerging immunotherapies in RRMM, gives an overview on latest insights on MM genomics and on tumor-induced changes within the MM microenvironment, and presents some of the most promising rationally derived future therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13205154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]],"date-time":"2021-10-14T09:10:49Z","timestamp":1634202649000},"page":"5154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Relapsed\/Refractory Multiple Myeloma in 2020\/2021 and Beyond"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7414-3632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Klaus","family":"Podar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine 2, University Hospital Krems, Mitterweg 10, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria"},{"name":"Molecular Oncology and Hematology Unit, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Stra\u00dfe 30, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Leleu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, and CIC1402 INSERM Unit, Poitiers University Hospital, 2 Rue de la Mil\u00e9trie, 86021 Poitiers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e328","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(16)30206-6","article-title":"International Myeloma Working Group Consensus Criteria for Response and Minimal Residual Disease Assessment in Multiple Myeloma","volume":"17","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3085","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-11-568923","article-title":"Treatment Options for Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma","volume":"125","author":"Nooka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4691","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-10-299487","article-title":"Consensus Recommendations for the Uniform Reporting of Clinical Trials: Report of the International Myeloma Workshop Consensus Panel 1","volume":"117","author":"Rajkumar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e105","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30756-7","article-title":"Treatment of Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma: Recommendations from the International Myeloma Working Group","volume":"22","author":"Moreau","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-020-0711-6","article-title":"Daratumumab plus Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone in Relapsed\/Refractory Multiple Myeloma: Extended Follow-up of POLLUX, a Randomized, Open-Label, Phase 3 Study","volume":"34","author":"Bahlis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30734-0","article-title":"Carfilzomib, Dexamethasone, and Daratumumab versus Carfilzomib and Dexamethasone for Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (CANDOR): Results from a Randomised, Multicentre, Open-Label, Phase 3 Study","volume":"396","author":"Dimopoulos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2020.1832672","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of Weekly Carfilzomib (70\u2009Mg\/M2), Dexamethasone, and Daratumumab (KdD70) Is Comparable to Twice-Weekly KdD56 While Being a More Convenient Dosing Option: A Cross-Study Comparison of the CANDOR and EQUULEUS Studies","volume":"62","author":"Leleu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Leuk. 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