{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T23:23:43Z","timestamp":1771629823586,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"California Tobacco-Related Disease Program","award":["RT-01077H, 6RT-0354H"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RT-01077H, 6RT-0354H"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["265240, 263278, 308248, 312073, 336823"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["265240, 263278, 308248, 312073, 336823"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002784","name":"Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["154294"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["154294"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002784","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"STOP CANCER, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center Foundation","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]},{"name":"Sigrid Juselius Foundation","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010523","name":"Centre for Addiction and Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010523","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Smoking is associated with a moderate increased risk of Hodgkin and follicular lymphoma. To understand why, we examined lymphoma-related biomarker levels among 134 smoking and non-smoking twins (67 pairs) ascertained from the Finnish Twin Cohort. Previously collected frozen serum samples were tested for cotinine to validate self-reported smoking history. In total, 27 immune biomarkers were assayed using the Luminex Multiplex platform (R &amp; D Systems). Current and non-current smokers were defined by a serum cotinine concentration of &gt;3.08 ng\/mL and \u22643.08 ng\/mL, respectively. Associations between biomarkers and smoking were assessed using linear mixed models to estimate beta coefficients and standard errors, adjusting for age, sex and twin pair as a random effect. There were 55 never smokers, 43 current smokers and 36 former smokers. CCL17\/TARC, sgp130, haptoglobin, B-cell activating factor (BAFF) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1) were significantly (p &lt; 0.05) associated with current smoking and correlated with increasing cotinine concentrations (Ptrend &lt; 0.05). The strongest association was observed for CCL17\/TARC (Ptrend = 0.0001). Immune biomarker levels were similar in former and never smokers. Current smoking is associated with increased levels of lymphoma-associated biomarkers, suggesting a possible mechanism for the link between smoking and risk of these two B-cell lymphomas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13215395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T22:00:23Z","timestamp":1635372023000},"page":"5395","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Lymphoma-Associated Biomarkers Are Increased in Current Smokers in Twin Pairs Discordant for Smoking"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David V.","family":"Conti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA"},{"name":"Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7605-5994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Epeldegui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miina","family":"Ollikainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1297-2053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel F.","family":"Tyndale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology, and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amie Eunah","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larry","family":"Magpantay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas McCulloch","family":"Mack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Otoniel","family":"Martinez-Maza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"},{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3716-2455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaakko","family":"Kaprio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Cozen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Population Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djh014","article-title":"Tobacco and cancer: Recent epidemiological evidence","volume":"96","author":"Vineis","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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