{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T16:30:48Z","timestamp":1778344248501,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,31]],"date-time":"2021-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019R1A2C2088573"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019R1A2C2088573"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020R1I1A3065215"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1I1A3065215"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020R1A2C200790611"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1A2C200790611"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020R1I1A1A01073871"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1I1A1A01073871"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021R1A2C2004299"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1A2C2004299"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Radiation-induced injury is damage to normal tissues caused by unintentional exposure to ionizing radiation. Image-based evaluation of tissue damage by irradiation has an advantage for the early assessment of therapeutic effects by providing sensitive information on minute tissue responses in situ. Recent magnetic resonance (MR)-based electrical conductivity imaging has shown potential as an effective early imaging biomarker for treatment response and radiation-induced injury. However, to be a tool for evaluating therapeutic effects, validation of its reliability and sensitivity according to various irradiation conditions is required. We performed MR-based electrical conductivity imaging on designed phantoms to confirm the effect of ionizing radiation at different doses and on in vivo mouse brains to distinguish tissue response depending on different doses and the elapsed time after irradiation. To quantify the irradiation effects, we measured the absolute conductivity of brain tissues and calculated relative conductivity changes based on the value of pre-irradiation. The conductivity of the phantoms with the distilled water and saline solution increased linearly with the irradiation doses. The conductivity of in vivo mouse brains showed different time-course variations and residual contrast depending on the irradiation doses. Future studies will focus on validation at long-term time points, including early and late delayed response and evaluation of irradiation effects in various tissue types.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13215490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T22:21:08Z","timestamp":1635805268000},"page":"5490","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Image-Based Evaluation of Irradiation Effects in Brain Tissues by Measuring Absolute Electrical Conductivity Using MRI"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4725-5687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin-Woong","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Chosun University Hospital and Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 61453, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6109-802X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji-Ae","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4488-201X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nitish","family":"Katoch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul 02447, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji-ung","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seungwoo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Radiation Irradiation Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bup-Kyung","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul 02447, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang-Gook","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Chosun University Hospital and Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 61453, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2552-0665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tae-Hoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Convergence Research Center, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan 54538, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7591-9079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyung-Joong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul 02447, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(96)00422-1","article-title":"Risk analysis of linear accelerator radiosurgery","volume":"36","author":"Voges","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. 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