{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T18:02:31Z","timestamp":1792087351978,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,9]],"date-time":"2021-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Associazione italiana contro le leucemie-linfomi e myeloma","award":["#IBR-I-17-GBL-009-V01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#IBR-I-17-GBL-009-V01"]}]},{"name":"Associazione italiana contro le leucemie-linfomi e myeloma","award":["2017ZXT5WR"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017ZXT5WR"]}]},{"name":"Associazione italiana contro le leucemie-linfomi e myeloma","award":["\/"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\/"]}]},{"name":"Associazione italiana contro le leucemie-linfomi e myeloma","award":["IG-25024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IG-25024"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Novel therapies for multiple myeloma (MM) promise to improve outcomes but are also associated with substantial increasing costs. Evidence regarding cost-effectiveness of novel treatments is necessary, but a comprehensive up-to-date overview of the cost-effectiveness evidence of novel treatments is currently lacking. Methods: We searched Embase, Medline via Ovid, Web of Science and EconLIT ProQuest to identify all cost-effectiveness evaluations of novel pharmacological treatment of MM reporting cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) and cost per life year (LY) gained since 2005. Quality and completeness of reporting was assessed using the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards. Results: We identified 13 economic evaluations, comprising 32 comparisons. Our results show that novel agents generate additional LYs (range: 0.311\u20133.85) and QALYs (range: 0.1\u20132.85) compared to backbone regimens and 0.02 to 1.10 LYs and 0.01 to 0.91 QALYs for comparisons between regimens containing two novel agents. Lifetime healthcare costs ranged from USD 60,413 to 1,434,937 per patient. The cost-effectiveness ratios per QALY gained ranged from dominating to USD 1,369,062 for novel agents compared with backbone therapies and from dominating to USD 618,018 for comparisons between novel agents. Conclusions: Cost-effectiveness ratios of novel agents were generally above current willingness-to-pay thresholds. To ensure access, cost-effectiveness should be improved or cost-effectiveness ratios above current thresholds should be accepted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13225606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,9]],"date-time":"2021-11-09T21:39:07Z","timestamp":1636493947000},"page":"5606","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["A Systematic Review of Cost-Effectiveness Analyses of Novel Agents in the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0824-0354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maarten R.","family":"Seefat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6706-5464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David G. J.","family":"Cucchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stijn","family":"Dirven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaz","family":"Groen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonja","family":"Zweegman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5846-0531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hedwig M.","family":"Blommestein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 3062 PA Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e412","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2017.183475","article-title":"Dramatically improved survival in multiple myeloma patients in the recent decade: Results from a Swedish population-based study","volume":"103","author":"Thorsteinsdottir","year":"2018","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2019.04.018","article-title":"Carfilzomib-Dexamethasone versus Bortezomib-Dexamethasone in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma: Updated Overall Survival, Safety, and Subgroups","volume":"19","author":"Orlowski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. 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