{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T20:29:15Z","timestamp":1790108955734,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636588800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma (ITAC) is a rare cancer of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses that occurs sporadically or secondary to exposure to occupational hazards, such as wood dust and leather. Eukaryotic translation initiation factors have been described as promising targets for novel cancer treatments in many cancers, but hardly anything is known about these factors in ITAC. Here we performed in silico analyses, evaluated the protein levels of EIF2S1, EIF5A and EIF6 in tumour samples and non-neoplastic tissue controls obtained from 145 patients, and correlated these results with clinical outcome data, including tumour site, stage, adjuvant radiotherapy and survival. In silico analyses revealed significant upregulation of the translation factors EIF6 (ITGB4BP), EIF5, EIF2S1 and EIF2S2 (p &lt; 0.05) with a higher arithmetic mean expression in ITAC compared to non-neoplastic tissue (NNT). Immunohistochemical analyses using antibodies against EIF2S1 and EIF6 confirmed a significantly different expression at the protein level (p &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, this work identifies the eukaryotic translation initiation factors EIF2S1 and EIF6 to be significantly upregulated in ITAC. As these factors have been described as promising therapeutic targets in other cancers, this work identifies candidate therapeutic targets in this rare but often deadly cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13225649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T23:02:41Z","timestamp":1636671761000},"page":"5649","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Dysregulation of Translation Factors EIF2S1, EIF5A and EIF6 in Intestinal-Type Adenocarcinoma (ITAC)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8017-3400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Schatz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Sprung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5887-7644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Volker","family":"Schartinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Codina-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Head and Neck Oncology, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matt","family":"Lechner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6AG, UK"},{"name":"Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 1BB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5959-6289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Hermsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Head and Neck Oncology, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Haybaeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"},{"name":"Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0000000000000445","article-title":"Intestinal-Type Adenocarcinoma of the Sinonasal Tract: An Update","volume":"26","author":"Rampinelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. 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