{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T02:07:45Z","timestamp":1790820465278,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]],"date-time":"2021-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To perform a meta-analysis of case-control studies that addressed the association between oral contraceptive pills (OC) use and breast cancer (BrCa), PubMED (MEDLINE), Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched to identify case-control studies of OC and BrCa published between 2009 and 2020. We used the DerSimonian\u2013Laird method to compute pooled odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs), and the Mantel\u2013Haenszel test to assess the association between OC use and cancer. Forty-two studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria and we included a total of 110,580 women (30,778 into the BrCa group and 79,802 into the control group, of which 15,722 and 38,334 were using OC, respectively). The conducted meta-analysis showed that the use of OC was associated with a significantly increased risk of BrCa in general, OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.31, p = 0.0358. Regarding other risk factors for BrCa, we found that increased risk was associated significantly with early menarche, nulliparous, non-breastfeeding, older age at first parity, postmenopause, obesity, smoking, and family history of BrCa. Despite our conclusion that birth control pills increase the cancer risk being supported by extensive previous studies and meta-analyzes, further confirmation is required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13225654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]],"date-time":"2021-11-12T08:10:22Z","timestamp":1636704622000},"page":"5654","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Oral Contraceptive Use and Breast Cancer Risk Assessment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies, 2009\u20132020"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4864-0184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Bara\u0144ska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics with E-Learning Lab, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agata","family":"B\u0142aszczuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology with SARS Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wies\u0142aw","family":"Kanadys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Specialistic Medical Center Czechow, Gynecology Unit, 20-848 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9480-926X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Malm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics with E-Learning Lab, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Drop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Language, Rhetoric and Media Law, John Paul II Catholic University, 20-950 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Polz-Dacewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology with SARS Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2021, March 12). 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