{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:34:28Z","timestamp":1760236468665,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":173,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005010","name":"AIRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21198"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21198"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005010","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>EBV is the first known oncogenic virus involved in the development of several tumors. The majority of the global population are infected with the virus early in life and the virus persists throughout life, in a latent stage, and usually within B lymphocytes. Despite the worldwide diffusion of EBV infection, EBV-associated diseases develop in only in a small subset of individuals often when conditions of immunosuppression disrupt the balance between the infection and host immune system. EBV-driven lymphoid proliferations are either of B-cell or T\/NK-cell origin, and range from disorders with an indolent behavior to aggressive lymphomas. In this review, which is divided in three parts, we provide an update of EBV-associated lymphoid disorders developing in the gastrointestinal tract, often representing a challenging diagnostic and therapeutic issue. Our aim is to provide a practical diagnostic approach to clinicians and pathologists who face this complex spectrum of disorders in their daily practice. In this part of the review, the chronic active EBV infection of T-cell and NK-cell type, its systemic form; extranodal NK\/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13236021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T04:48:37Z","timestamp":1638247717000},"page":"6021","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["EBV-Driven Lymphoproliferative Disorders and Lymphomas of the Gastrointestinal Tract: A Spectrum of Entities with a Common Denominator (Part 3)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8733-9933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magda","family":"Zanelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Sanguedolce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Unit, Policlinico Riuniti, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2299-5160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Palicelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9841-7856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurizio","family":"Zizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3957-6720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria di Terni, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Caprera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria di Terni, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4189-0316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Fragliasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Soriano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Division, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4147-5534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Gozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocular Immunology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7956-9950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Cimino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocular Immunology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Masia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Moretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moira","family":"Foroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Loredana","family":"De Marco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Pellegrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria di Terni, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hendrik","family":"De Raeve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology, University Hospital Brussels, 1090 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Pathology, O.L.V. Hospital Aalst, 9300 Aalst, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ione","family":"Tamagnini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0183-757X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Tafuni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Cavazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Merli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano A.","family":"Pileri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haematopathology Division, European Institute of Oncology-IEO IRCCS Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Ascani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria di Terni, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032414-112326","article-title":"The immunology of Epstein-Barr virus induced disease","volume":"33","author":"Taylor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. 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