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However, despite being a promising therapeutic option, immunotherapy has significant constraints such as a high cost of treatment, unpredictable toxicity, and clinical outcomes. miRNAs are non-coding, small RNAs actively involved in modulating the immune system\u2019s multiple signalling pathways by binding to the 3\u2032-UTR of target genes. miRNAs possess a unique advantage in modulating multiple targets of either the same or different signalling pathways. Therefore, miRNA follows a \u2018one drug multiple target\u2019 hypothesis. Attempts are made to explore the therapeutic promise of miRNAs in cancer so that it can be transported from bench to bedside for successful immunotherapeutic results. Therefore, in the current manuscript, we discussed, in detail, the mechanism and role of miRNAs in different types of cancers relating to the immune system, its diagnostic and therapeutic aspect, the effect on immune escape, immune-checkpoint molecules, and the tumour microenvironment. We have also discussed the existing limitations, clinical success and the prospective use of miRNAs in cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13236145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T02:48:13Z","timestamp":1638845293000},"page":"6145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["miRNAs in the Regulation of Cancer Immune Response: Effect of miRNAs on Cancer Immunotherapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2577-7505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faheem Hyder","family":"Pottoo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4694-4851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashif","family":"Iqubal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110017, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Kashif","family":"Iqubal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India"},{"name":"Product Development Department, Sentiss Research Centre, Sentiss Pharma Pvt Ltd., Gurugram 122001, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Salahuddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1564-1890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jawad Ur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7205-7493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noora","family":"AlHajri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City (SSMC), Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Shehadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. 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