{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T10:52:16Z","timestamp":1779360736455,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The adrenal glands are common dissemination sites for metastasis of various solid tumors. Surgical treatment is often recommended because targeted therapies and immunotherapy are frequently ineffective for adrenal metastasis. We report the experience with short-term and long-term surgical outcomes of patients undergoing surgery for adrenal metastasis in two hospitals. A retrospective, multicenter study was performed to analyze patient characteristics, tumor-related data, perioperative outcomes, and oncological outcomes. Postoperative complications that occurred within 30 days were scored according to the Clavien Dindo classification. Metastatic adrenalectomy was performed in 95 patients. We observed an increase from an average of 3 metastatic adrenalectomies per year between 2001\u20132005 to 10 between 2015\u20132019. The most frequent underlying malignancies were colorectal and lung cancer. In 55.8%, minimal invasive adrenalectomy was performed, including six conversions to open surgery. A total of 37.9% of patients had postoperative complications, of which ileus or gastroparesis, wound problems, pneumonia, and heart arrhythmias were the most occurring complications. Improved cancer care has led to an increased demand for metastatic adrenalectomy over the past years. Complication rates of 37.9% are significant and cannot be neglected. Therefore, multidisciplinary teams should weigh the decision to perform metastatic adrenalectomy for each patient individually, taking into account the drawbacks of the described morbidity versus the potential benefits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14010156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T08:12:15Z","timestamp":1640765535000},"page":"156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Outcomes after Surgical Treatment of Metastatic Disease in the Adrenal Gland; Valuable for the Patient?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Madelon J. H.","family":"Metman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlotte L.","family":"Vi\u00ebtor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Auke J.","family":"Seinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annika M. A.","family":"Berends","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick H. J.","family":"Hemmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michiel N.","family":"Kerstens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Feelders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gaston J. H.","family":"Franssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tessa M.","family":"van Ginhoven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Schelto","family":"Kruijff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1153","article-title":"The Embryologic and Anatomic Basis of Modern Surgery","volume":"2","author":"Skandalakis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Surg. 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BMC Surg., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12893-018-0456-6"}],"container-title":["Cancers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/14\/1\/156\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:55:23Z","timestamp":1760169323000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/14\/1\/156"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["cancers14010156"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers14010156","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]]}}}