{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T03:46:36Z","timestamp":1792554396626,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DE019465"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DE019465"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antiresorptive agents such as bisphosphonates (BP) and denosumab are commonly prescribed for the management of primary bone malignancy, bone metastasis, osteoporosis, Paget disease, or other bone disorders. Medication-related osteonecrosis of the Jaws (MRONJ) is a rare but significant complication of antiresorptive medications. Duration, dose, and antiresorptive potency as well as concomitant diseases, additional medications, and local factors affect MRONJ incidence and severity. MRONJ pathophysiology is still poorly understood. Nevertheless, decreased bone resorption due to osteoclastic inhibition along with trauma, infection\/inflammation, or blood supply inhibition are considered synergistic factors for disease development. In addition, previous data research examined the effects of antiresorptive medication on immune system components and introduced potential alterations on immune response as novel elements in MRONJ pathogenesis. Considering that macrophages are the first cells in the nonspecific immune response, it is not surprising that these multifaceted players attracted increased attention in MRONJ research recently. This current review attempted to elucidate the effects of antiresorptive medications on several aspects of macrophage activity in relation to the complex inflammatory microenvironment of MRONJ. Collectively, unravelling the mode of action and extent of macrophages\u2019 potential contribution in MRONJ occurrence will provide novel insight in disease pathogenesis and potentially identify intrinsic therapeutic targets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14020330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T17:42:25Z","timestamp":1641836545000},"page":"330","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Macrophage Involvement in Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ): A Comprehensive, Short Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Gkouveris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akrivoula","family":"Soundia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Gouveris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Medical Oncology, Agios Savvas Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0623-1323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dionysia","family":"Zouki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Medical Oncology, Agios Savvas Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danny","family":"Hadaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sotirios","family":"Tetradis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.04.031","article-title":"American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons position paper on medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw\u20142014 update","volume":"72","author":"Ruggiero","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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