{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:59:51Z","timestamp":1790812791403,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]],"date-time":"2022-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome that presents with, among other characteristics, progressive loss of muscle mass and anti-cardiac remodeling effect that may lead to heart failure. This condition affects about 80% of patients with advanced cancer and contributes to worsening patients\u2019 tolerance to anticancer treatments and to their premature death. Its pathogenesis involves an imbalance in metabolic homeostasis, with increased catabolism and inflammatory cytokines levels, leading to proteolysis and lipolysis, with insufficient food intake. A multimodal approach is indicated for patients with cachexia, with the aim of reducing the speed of muscle wasting and improving their quality of life, which may include nutritional, physical, pharmacologic, and psychological support. This review aims to outline the mechanisms of muscle loss, as well as to evaluate the current clinical evidence of the use of physical exercise in patients with cachexia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14020342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]],"date-time":"2022-01-11T14:05:07Z","timestamp":1641909907000},"page":"342","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Impact of Cancer Cachexia on Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle: Role of Exercise Training"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1824-5378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Bordignon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Center, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre 90560-030, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Pathology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-070, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4678-4969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beth\u00e2nia S.","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro 20560-121, Brazil"},{"name":"Rede D\u2019Or S\u00e3o Luiz, Rio de Janeiro 22271-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela D.","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Center, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre 90560-030, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Pathology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-070, Brazil"},{"name":"Brazilian Breast Cancer Study Group (GBECAM), Porto Alegre 90619-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e200","DOI":"10.1038\/oncsis.2016.3","article-title":"Understanding cachexia as a cancer metabolism syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Porporato","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncogenesis"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3829","article-title":"Cancer cachexia: Understanding the molecular basis","volume":"14","author":"Busquets","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. 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