{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T22:45:37Z","timestamp":1789771537310,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":171,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cutaneous sweat gland tumors are a subset of adnexal neoplasms that derive or differentiate into the sweat apparatus. Their great diversity, rarity, and complex terminology make their pathological diagnosis challenging. Recent findings have revealed a wide spectrum of oncogenic drivers, several of which are of diagnostic interest for pathologists. Most of these molecular alterations are represented by gene fusions, which are shared with other homologous neoplasms occurring in organs containing exocrine glands, such as salivary and breast glands, which show similarities to the sweat apparatus. This review aims to provide a synthesis of the most recent immunohistochemical and molecular markers used for the diagnosis of sweat gland tumors and to highlight their relationship with similar tumors in other organs. It will cover adenoid cystic carcinoma (NFIB, MYB, and MYBL1 fusion), cutaneous mixed tumor (PLAG1 fusion), cylindroma and spiradenoma and their carcinomas thereof (NF-\u03baB activation through CYLD inactivation or ALKP1 hotspot mutation), hidradenoma and hidradenocarcinoma (MAML2 fusion), myoepithelioma (EWSR1 and FUS fusion), poroma and porocarcinoma (YAP1, MAML2, and NUTM1 fusion), secretory carcinoma (ETV6, NTRK3 fusion), tubular adenoma and syringo-cystadenoma papilliferum (HRAS and BRAF activating mutations). Sweat gland tumors for which there are no known molecular abnormalities will also be briefly discussed, as well as potential future developments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14030476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T08:09:20Z","timestamp":1642493360000},"page":"476","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Recent Advances on Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Biology for the Diagnosis of Adnexal Sweat Gland Tumors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9882-2162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Macagno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"French Network of Rare Skin Cancers, CARADERM, France"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, APHM, Timone University Hospital, 13005 Marseille, France"},{"name":"Marmara Institute, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, U1251, MMG, DOD-CET, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2341-6848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre","family":"Sohier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"French Network of Rare Skin Cancers, CARADERM, France"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Paris Centre Sant\u00e9, University of Paris, 75006 Paris, France"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, AP-HP Centre-Universit\u00e9 de Paris, 750014 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thibault","family":"Kervarrec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"French Network of Rare Skin Cancers, CARADERM, France"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Universit\u00e9 de Tours, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, 37000 Tours, France"},{"name":"Team: Biologie des Infections \u00e0 Polyomavirus, UMR INRA ISP 1282, Universit\u00e9 de Tours, 37000 Tours, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Pissaloux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biopathology, UNICANCER, L\u00e9on B\u00e9rard Center, 69008 Lyon, France"},{"name":"INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon University, 69008 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0048-6501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie-Laure","family":"Jullie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"French Network of Rare Skin Cancers, CARADERM, France"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Haut-L\u00e9v\u00eaque Hospital, CHU de Bordeaux, 33600 Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Cribier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"French Network of Rare Skin Cancers, CARADERM, France"},{"name":"Dermatology and Dermatopathology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxime","family":"Battistella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"French Network of Rare Skin Cancers, CARADERM, France"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Universit\u00e9 de Tours, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, 37000 Tours, France"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Saint-Louis University Hospital, 75010 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annder.2019.07.006","article-title":"Creation, implementation and objectives of CARADERM, a national network for rare skin carcinomas\u2014Adnexal neoplasm part","volume":"146","author":"Seris","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. 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