{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T16:54:36Z","timestamp":1769273676170,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":142,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]],"date-time":"2022-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer related death worldwide. Most patients present with advanced disease, and current gold-standard management using tyrosine kinase inhibitors or immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) offers modest clinical benefit. Cellular immune therapies targeting HCC are currently being tested in the laboratory and in clinical trials. Here, we review the landscape of cellular immunotherapy for HCC, defining antigenic targets, outlining the range of cell therapy products being applied in HCC (such as CAR-T and TCR-T), and exploring how advanced engineering solutions may further enhance this therapeutic approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14030504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]],"date-time":"2022-01-20T22:40:20Z","timestamp":1642718420000},"page":"504","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Novel Cellular Therapies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Harriet","family":"Roddy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UCL Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0782-8647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCL Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK"},{"name":"University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK"},{"name":"Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4901-5858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire","family":"Roddie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCL Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK"},{"name":"University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1713263","article-title":"Hepatocellular Carcinoma","volume":"380","author":"Rustgi","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. 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