{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T18:28:22Z","timestamp":1790188102606,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is associated with three main severe orphan malignancies, Kaposi\u2019s sarcoma (KS), multicentric Castleman\u2019s disease (MCD), and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), which present few therapeutic options. We identified the antimalarial primaquine diphosphate (PQ) as a promising therapeutic candidate for HHV-8-associated PEL and KS. Indeed, PQ strongly reduced cell viability through caspase-dependent apoptosis, specifically in HHV-8-infected PEL cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)- and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis signaling pathways were found to be part of the in vitro cytotoxic effect of PQ. Moreover, PQ treatment had a clinically positive effect in a nonobese diabetic (NOD)\/SCID xenograft PEL mouse model, showing a reduction in tumor growth and an improvement in survival. Finally, an exploratory proof-of-concept clinical trial in four patients harboring severe KS was conducted, with the main objectives to assess the efficacy, the safety, and the tolerability of PQ, and which demonstrated a positive efficacy on Kaposi\u2019s sarcoma-related lesions and lymphedema.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14030543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,23]],"date-time":"2022-01-23T20:32:52Z","timestamp":1642969972000},"page":"543","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Primaquine as a Candidate for HHV-8-Associated Primary Effusion Lymphoma and Kaposi\u2019s Sarcoma Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1303-5355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ad\u00e9lie","family":"Gothland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Virologie, H\u00f4pital Piti\u00e9 Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, Institut Pierre Louis d\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique (iPLESP), INSERM UMR_1136, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, 75013 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6817-6227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentin","family":"Leducq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Virologie, H\u00f4pital Piti\u00e9 Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, Institut Pierre Louis d\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique (iPLESP), INSERM UMR_1136, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, 75013 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8151-748X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Grange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cutaneous Biology Lab, INSERM U1016, UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, 24 Rue du Faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France"},{"name":"Service de Dermatologie, CeGGID et CNR IST Bact\u00e9riennes, H\u00f4pital Cochin Site Port Royale, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Centre Cochin-H\u00f4tel Dieu-Broca, 123 Boulevard de Port Royal, 75014 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ousmane","family":"Faye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Dermatologie, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine et de Pharmacie, Universit\u00e9 de Bamako, Bamako BP 1805, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurianne","family":"Beauvais Remigereau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Virologie, H\u00f4pital Piti\u00e9 Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, Institut Pierre Louis d\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique (iPLESP), INSERM UMR_1136, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, 75013 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Sayon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Virologie, H\u00f4pital Piti\u00e9 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France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5916-4654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Laplantine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections\u2014CIMI-Paris, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, INSERM, CNRS, 75013 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Almoustapha Issiaka","family":"Maiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 d\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie Mol\u00e9culaire de la R\u00e9sistance du VIH aux ARV, SEREFO, FMOS, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako BP 1805, Mali"},{"name":"Clinical and Microbiology Laboratory, University Hospital Gabriel Toure, Bamako BP 1805, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Dupin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cutaneous Biology Lab, INSERM U1016, UMR8104, Institut 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