{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T19:22:44Z","timestamp":1790882564260,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":165,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]],"date-time":"2022-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical University of Lodz","award":["503\/1-093-01\/503-11-004 and 503\/1093-1\/503-11-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["503\/1-093-01\/503-11-004 and 503\/1093-1\/503-11-003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of Bruton\u2019s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors has changed the management and clinical history of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). BTK is a critical molecule that interconnects B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling. BTKis are classified into two categories: irreversible (covalent) inhibitors and reversible (non-covalent) inhibitors. Ibrutinib was the first irreversible BTK inhibitor approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2013 as a breakthrough therapy in CLL patients. Subsequently, several studies have evaluated the efficacy and safety of new agents with reduced toxicity when compared with ibrutinib. Two other irreversible, second-generation BTK inhibitors, acalabrutinib and zanubrutinib, were developed to reduce ibrutinib-mediated adverse effects. Additionally, new reversible BTK inhibitors are currently under development in early-phase studies to improve their activity and to diminish adverse effects. This review summarizes the pharmacology, clinical efficacy, safety, dosing, and drug\u2013drug interactions associated with the treatment of CLL with BTK inhibitors and examines their further implications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14030771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]],"date-time":"2022-02-03T05:42:33Z","timestamp":1643866953000},"page":"771","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["The Role of Bruton\u2019s Kinase Inhibitors in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Current Status and Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3411-6357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tadeusz","family":"Robak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 93-510 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magda","family":"Witkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 93-510 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2700-3343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Smolewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 93-510 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2745","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-09-806398","article-title":"iwCLL guidelines for diagnosis, indications for treatment, response assessment, and supportive man-agement of CLL","volume":"131","author":"Hallek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2020.09.019","article-title":"Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume":"32","author":"Eichhorst","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. 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