{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T18:31:41Z","timestamp":1778092301846,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]],"date-time":"2022-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Albeit it does not have the highest venous thromboembolism (VTE) incidence compared to other neoplasms, breast cancer contributes to many VTE events because it is the most diagnosed tumor in women. We aim to analyze the occurrence and timing of VTE during the follow-up of patients who underwent breast surgery, the possible correlated factors, and the overall survival. This retrospective study included all female patients diagnosed with mammary pathology and surgically treated in our clinic between January 2002 and January 2012. Of 5039 women who underwent breast surgery, 1056 were found to have no evidence of malignancy, whereas 3983 were diagnosed with breast cancer. VTE rate resulted significantly higher in patients with invasive breast cancer than in women with benign breast disease or carcinoma in situ. Invasive cancers other than lobular or ductal were associated with a higher VTE rate. In addition, chronic hypertension, high BMI, cancer type, and evidence of metastasis turned out to be the most significant risk factors for VTE in women who underwent breast surgery. Moreover, VTE occurrence significantly impacted survival in invasive breast cancer patients. Compared to women with benign mammary pathology, VTE prevalence in women with breast cancer is significantly higher. The knowledge about the risk factors of VTE could be helpful as prognostic information, but also to eventually target preventive treatment strategies for VTE, as far as the co-existence of invasive breast cancer and VTE has a significantly negative impact on survival.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14040988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]],"date-time":"2022-02-16T20:26:41Z","timestamp":1645043201000},"page":"988","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Incidence and Risk Factors for Venous Thromboembolism in Female Patients Undergoing Breast Surgery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6429-1220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ambrogio P.","family":"Londero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Infant Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy"},{"name":"Ennergi Research (Non-Profit Organisation), 33050 Lestizza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1173-220X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serena","family":"Bertozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ennergi Research (Non-Profit Organisation), 33050 Lestizza, Italy"},{"name":"Breast Unit, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Cedolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Breast Unit, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Neri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Surgery, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2646-4228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michela","family":"Bulfoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathologic Anatomy, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9978-8130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Orsaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathologic Anatomy, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1243-8398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Mariuzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathologic Anatomy, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical Area (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6375-9995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Uzzau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Area (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Risaliti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Surgery, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical Area (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Barillari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Hemorrhagic and Thrombotic Diseases, ASUFC \u201cSanta Maria della Misericordia\u201d, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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