{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T21:25:40Z","timestamp":1790717140777,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":143,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,27]],"date-time":"2022-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Engineered T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) on their cell surface can redirect antigen specificity. This ability makes CARs one of the most promising cancer therapeutic agents. CAR-T cells for treating patients with B cell hematological malignancies have shown impressive results. Clinical manifestation has yielded several trials, so far five CAR-T cell therapies have received US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval. However, emerging clinical data and recent findings have identified some immune-related toxicities due to CAR-T cell therapy. Given the outcome and utilization of the same proof of concept, further investigation in other hematological malignancies, such as leukemias, is warranted. This review discusses the previous findings from the pre-clinical and human experience with CAR-T cell therapy. Additionally, we describe recent developments of novel targets for adoptive immunotherapy. Here we present some of the early findings from the pre-clinical studies of CAR-T cell modification through advances in genetic engineering, gene editing, cellular programming, and formats of synthetic biology, along with the ongoing efforts to restore the function of exhausted CAR-T cells through epigenetic remodeling. We aim to shed light on the new targets focusing on acute myeloid leukemia (AML).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14051241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,27]],"date-time":"2022-02-27T20:46:17Z","timestamp":1645994777000},"page":"1241","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Emerging CAR T Cell Strategies for the Treatment of AML"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Paresh","family":"Vishwasrao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA"},{"name":"Department of Hematology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gongbo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin C.","family":"Boucher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Immunotherapy, Division of Clinical Science, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. Lynne","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanta K.","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1709866","article-title":"Tisagenlecleucel in Children and Young Adults with B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia","volume":"378","author":"Maude","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. 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