{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T02:43:44Z","timestamp":1784861024696,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Current research seeks to identify subgroups of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients responsive to PD-1 blocking agents. Whether patients with pre-existing rheumatic diseases might constitute such a subgroup is unknown. We determined intratumoral expression of PD-1 and its ligands in lymphoma patients with pre-existing rheumatic diseases. We included 215 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome with subsequent lymphoma and 74 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) controls without rheumatic disease. PD-1 and PD-ligand immunohistochemical markers were applied on tumor tissue microarrays. The number of PD-1+ tumor infiltrating leukocytes (TILs) and proportions of PD-L1+ and PD-L2+ tumor cells and TILs were calculated and correlated with clinical data. Expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells and TILs was highest in classical Hodgkin lymphoma and DLBCL. In DLBCLs, expression of PD-1 in TILs and PD-L1 in tumor cells was similar in RA, SLE and controls. In RA-DLBCL, high expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells was significantly more common in patients with the most severe RA disease and was associated with inferior overall survival in multivariable analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14061509","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]],"date-time":"2022-03-16T03:34:13Z","timestamp":1647401653000},"page":"1509","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Expression of PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 in Lymphomas in Patients with Pre-Existing Rheumatic Diseases\u2014A Possible Association with High Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8151-3988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik","family":"Hellbacher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology, Uppsala University, S-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8160-5647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christer","family":"Sundstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Molin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Oncology, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Baecklund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology, Uppsala University, S-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0226-5681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Hollander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3220","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-05-085159","article-title":"PD-1-PD-1 ligand interaction contributes to immunosuppressive microenvironment of Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"111","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7507","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-015-4622-5","article-title":"Programmed death 1 expression in the peritumoral microenvironment is associated with a poorer prognosis in classical Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"37","author":"Koh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tumour. 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