{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T23:36:26Z","timestamp":1778283386272,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]],"date-time":"2022-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical Faculty of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg","award":["None"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["None"]}]},{"name":"Medical Faculty of the University Medical School Rostock","award":["none"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["none"]}]},{"name":"German Leukemia and Lymphoma Foundation (Stiftung Deutsche Leuk\u00e4mie- &amp; Lymphom-Hilfe)","award":["32105069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32105069"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: To assess humoral responses longitudinally and cellular immunogenicity following SARS-CoV-2-vaccination in patients with hematologic and oncologic malignancies receiving checkpoint-inhibitors. Methods: This prospective multicenter trial of the East-German-Study-Group-for-Hematology-and-Oncology, enrolled 398 adults in a two (patients; n = 262) to one (controls; n = 136) ratio. Pre-vaccination, day 35 (d35), and day 120 (d120) blood samples were analyzed for anti-spike antibodies and d120 IL-2+IFN\u03b3+TNF\u03b1+-CD4+- and CD8+-cells. Laboratories were blinded for patients and controls. Results: Patients belonged to the myeloid (n = 131), lymphoid (n = 104), and checkpoint-inhibitor (n = 17) cohorts. While d35 seroconversion was higher in controls (98%) compared to patients (68%) (p &lt; 0.001), d120 seroconversion improved across all patient cohorts [checkpoint-inhibitors (81% to 100%), myeloid (82% to 97%), lymphoid (48% to 66%)]. CD4+- and CovCD8+-cells in the lymphoid (71%\/31%) and control (74%\/42%) cohorts were comparable but fewer in the myeloid cohort (53%, p = 0.003 \/24%, p = 0.03). In patients with hematologic malignancies, no correlation between d120 humoral and cellular responses was found. A sizeable fraction of lymphoid patients demonstrated T-cell responses without detectable spike-specific-IgGs. Conclusions: Evidence of vaccine-elicited humoral and\/or cellular immunogenicity in most patients is provided. Both humoral and cellular responses are crucial to determine which patients will generate\/maintain immunity. The findings have implications on public health policy regarding recommendations for SARS-CoV-2 booster doses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14061544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,20]],"date-time":"2022-03-20T21:25:00Z","timestamp":1647811500000},"page":"1544","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Longitudinal Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients with Myeloid and Lymphoid Neoplasms Compared to a Reference Cohort: Results of a Prospective Trial of the East German Study Group for Hematology and Oncology (OSHO)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Jotschke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Krukenberg Cancer Center Halle, University Hospital Halle (Saale), 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3856-7956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susann","family":"Schulze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Krukenberg Cancer Center Halle, University Hospital Halle (Saale), 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6162-515X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadja","family":"Jaekel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinic and Outpatient Clinic for Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Halle (Saale), 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2660-4921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatrice","family":"Ludwig-Kraus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Laboratory, University Hospital Halle (Saale), 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1048-3638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robby","family":"Engelmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic III\u2014Hematology, Oncology, and Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4354-9952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank Bernhard","family":"Kraus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Laboratory, University Hospital Halle (Saale), 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Zahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinic and Outpatient Clinic for Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Halle (Saale), 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Nedlitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Krukenberg Cancer Center Halle, University Hospital Halle (Saale), 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Prange-Krex","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gemeinschaftspraxis Mohm\/Prange-Krex, 01307 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Mohm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gemeinschaftspraxis Mohm\/Prange-Krex, 01307 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"Peuser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internistisch-Onkologische \u00c4rztegemeinschaft, 04179 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maik","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paracelsus Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum, Schwerpunktpraxis f\u00fcr H\u00e4matologie und Onkologie, 08261 Schoeneck, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Spohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H\u00e4matologisch-Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, 06110 Halle (Saale), Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timo","family":"Behlendorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gemeinschaftspraxis f\u00fcr H\u00e4matologie, Onkologie und Gastroenterologie, 06110 Halle (Saale), Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mascha","family":"Binder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinic and Outpatient Clinic for Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Halle (Saale), 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Junghanss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic III\u2014Hematology, Oncology, and Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3603-761X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"B\u00f6ttcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic III\u2014Hematology, Oncology, and Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5009-2239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haifa Kathrin","family":"Al-Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Krukenberg Cancer Center Halle, University Hospital Halle (Saale), 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany"},{"name":"University Clinic and Outpatient Clinic for Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Halle (Saale), 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31173-9","article-title":"COVID-19 mortality in patients with cancer on chemotherapy or other anticancer treatments: A prospective cohort study","volume":"395","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31187-9","article-title":"Clinical impact of COVID-19 on patients with cancer (CCC19): A cohort study","volume":"395","author":"Kuderer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-020-00970-7","article-title":"Impact of hematologic malignancy and type of cancer therapy on COVID-19 severity and 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