{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T16:23:20Z","timestamp":1793118200195,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]],"date-time":"2022-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004586","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E26\/200.840\/2021-CNE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E26\/200.840\/2021-CNE"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["306258\/2019-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["306258\/2019-6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003243","name":"Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NU20J-07-00028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NU20J-07-00028"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003243","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) is a rare and heterogeneous subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We evaluated the immunophenotypic profile of 72 AMKL and 114 non-AMKL AML patients using the EuroFlow AML panel. Univariate and multivariate\/multidimensional analyses were performed to identify most relevant markers contributing to the diagnosis of AMKL. AMKL patients were subdivided into transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM), myeloid leukemia associated with Down syndrome (ML-DS), AML\u2014not otherwise specified with megakaryocytic differentiation (NOS-AMKL), and AMKL\u2014other patients (AML patients with other WHO classification but with flowcytometric features of megakaryocytic differentiation). Flowcytometric analysis showed good discrimination between AMKL and non-AMKL patients based on differential expression of, in particular, CD42a.CD61, CD41, CD42b, HLADR, CD15 and CD13. Combining CD42a.CD61 (positive) and CD13 (negative) resulted in a sensitivity of 71% and a specificity of 99%. Within AMKL patients, TAM and ML-DS patients showed higher frequencies of immature CD34+\/CD117+ leukemic cells as compared to NOS-AMKL and AMKL-Other patients. In addition, ML-DS patients showed a significantly higher expression of CD33, CD11b, CD38 and CD7 as compared to the other three subgroups, allowing for good distinction of these patients. Overall, our data show that the EuroFlow AML panel allows for straightforward diagnosis of AMKL and that ML-DS is associated with a unique immunophenotypic profile.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14061583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]],"date-time":"2022-03-21T13:24:59Z","timestamp":1647869099000},"page":"1583","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Immunophenotypic Analysis of Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia: A EuroFlow Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Nienke","family":"Brouwer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Matarraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational and Clinical Research Program, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n del C\u00e1ncer (IBMCC; CSIC\u2014University of Salamanca), Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca (USAL) and Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL) Paseo de la Universidad de Coimbra s\/n, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium of Oncology (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3406-817X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Nierkens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess M\u00e1xima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattias","family":"Hofmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2964-5956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michaela","family":"Nov\u00e1kov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CLIP-Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5340-5816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elaine Sobral","family":"da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pediatrics (IPPMG), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), R. Bruno Lobo, 50\u2014Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Rio de Janeiro\u2014RJ 21941-912, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Tellstrasse 25, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne E.","family":"Bras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiana Vieira","family":"de Mello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pediatrics (IPPMG), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), R. Bruno Lobo, 50\u2014Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Rio de Janeiro\u2014RJ 21941-912, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ester","family":"Mejstrikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CLIP-Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4857-5746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Philipp\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgiana Emilia","family":"Grigore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cytognos SL, Carretera de Madrid Km. 0 Nave 9, Pol. La Serna, 37900 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos E.","family":"Pedreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Systems and Computing Department, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro-RJ 21941-594, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3650-7087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacques J. M.","family":"van Dongen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n del Cancer, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0007-7230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Orfao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational and Clinical Research Program, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n del C\u00e1ncer (IBMCC; CSIC\u2014University of Salamanca), Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca (USAL) and Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL) Paseo de la Universidad de Coimbra s\/n, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium of Oncology (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9457-3763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent H. J.","family":"van der Velden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the EuroFlow Consortium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Arber, D.A., Baumann, I., Niemeyer, C., Brunning, R.D., and Porwit, A. (2017). Myeloid proliferations associated with Down Syndrome. WHO Classification of Tumours Iof Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissue, International Agency for Research on Cancer."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Arber, D.A., Brunning, R.D., Le Beau, M.M., Falini, B., Vardiman, J.W., Porwit, A., Thiele, J., Foucar, K., Dohner, H., and Bloomfield, C.D. (2017). 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