{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T10:12:00Z","timestamp":1792145520303,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":190,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]],"date-time":"2022-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institute of Information &amp; Communications Technology Planning &amp; Evaluation (IITP) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT)","award":["No. 2020-0-00990"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2020-0-00990"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is an uncommon type of non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma (NHL), as well as one of the subtypes of T cell lymphoma, accounting for 1 to 3% of non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphomas and around 15% of T cell lymphomas. In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) classified anaplastic large cell lymphoma into four categories: ALK-positive ALCL (ALK+ALCL), ALK-negative ALCL (ALK\u2212ALCL), primary cutaneous ALCL (pcALCL), and breast-implant-associated ALCL (BIA-ALCL), respectively. Clinical symptoms, gene changes, prognoses, and therapy differ among the four types. Large lymphoid cells with copious cytoplasm and pleomorphic characteristics with horseshoe-shaped or reniform nuclei, for example, are found in both ALK+ and ALK\u2212ALCL. However, their epidemiology and pathogenetic origins are distinct. BIA-ALCL is currently recognized as a new provisional entity, which is a noninvasive disease with favorable results. In this review, we focus on molecular pathogenesis and management of anaplastic large cell lymphoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14071650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]],"date-time":"2022-03-25T00:05:18Z","timestamp":1648166718000},"page":"1650","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: Molecular Pathogenesis and Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5615-6341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin-Rui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1419-3766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pham-Ngoc","family":"Chien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sun-Young","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9003-7365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chan-Yeong","family":"Heo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Swerdlow, S.H., Campo, E., Harris, N.L., Jaffe, E.S., Pileri, S.A., Stein, H., Thiele, J., Arber, D.A., Hasserjian, R.P., and Le Beau, M.M. 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