{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T10:10:05Z","timestamp":1792491005695,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,15]],"date-time":"2022-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17K16437"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17K16437"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17he1002003h0002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17he1002003h0002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated variations in the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) values among various sarcoma and normal-tissue-derived cell lines (normal cell line) in proton beam and carbon-ion irradiations. We used a consistent protocol that specified the timing of irradiation after plating cells and detailed the colony formation assay. We examined the cell type dependence of RBE for proton beam and carbon-ion irradiations using four human sarcoma cell lines (MG63 osteosarcoma, HT1080 fibrosarcoma, SW872 liposarcoma, and SW1353 chondrosarcoma) and three normal cell lines (HDF human dermal fibroblast, hTERT-HME1 mammary gland, and NuLi-1 bronchus epithelium). The cells were irradiated with gamma rays, proton beams at the center of the spread-out Bragg peak, or carbon-ion beams at 54.4 keV\/\u03bcm linear energy transfer. In all sarcoma and normal cell lines, the average RBE values in proton beam and carbon-ion irradiations were 1.08 \u00b1 0.11 and 2.08 \u00b1 0.36, which were consistent with the values of 1.1 and 2.13 used in current treatment planning systems, respectively. Up to 34% difference in the RBE of the proton beam was observed between MG63 and HT1080. Similarly, a 32% difference in the RBE of the carbon-ion beam was observed between SW872 and the other sarcoma cell lines. In proton beam irradiation, normal cell lines had less variation in RBE values (within 10%), whereas in carbon-ion irradiation, RBE values differed by up to 48% between hTERT-HME1 and NuLi-1. Our results suggest that specific dose evaluations for tumor and normal tissues are necessary for treatment planning in both proton and carbon-ion therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14082009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,16]],"date-time":"2022-04-16T07:42:41Z","timestamp":1650094961000},"page":"2009","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A Consistent Protocol Reveals a Large Heterogeneity in the Biological Effectiveness of Proton and Carbon-Ion Beams for Various Sarcoma and Normal-Tissue-Derived Cell Lines"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2827-5407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masashi","family":"Yagi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Carbon Ion Radiotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita City 566-0871, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita City 566-0871, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3864-6478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazumasa","family":"Minami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Carbon Ion Radiotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita City 566-0871, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taeko","family":"Matsuura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North-13 West-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Min","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhito","family":"Onodera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Akagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Physics, Hyogo Ion Beam Medical Center, 1-2-1 Kouto Shingu-cho, Tatsuno City 679-5165, Hyogo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuya","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Hyogo Ion Beam Medical Center, 1-2-1 Kouto Shingu-cho, Tatsuno City 679-5165, Hyogo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoaki","family":"Okimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Hyogo Ion Beam Medical Center, 1-2-1 Kouto Shingu-cho, Tatsuno City 679-5165, Hyogo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Shirato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiko","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita City 566-0871, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-012-0388-6","article-title":"Clinical evidence of particle beam therapy (carbon)","volume":"17","author":"Kamada","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. 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