{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T06:16:24Z","timestamp":1793081784416,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":255,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Interactions between the immune system and the nervous system are crucial in maintaining homeostasis, and disturbances of these neuro-immune interactions may participate in carcinogenesis and metastasis. Nerve endings have been identified within solid tumors in humans and experimental animals. Although the involvement of the efferent sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation in carcinogenesis has been extensively investigated, the role of the afferent sensory neurons and the neuropeptides in tumor development, growth, and progression is recently appreciated. Similarly, current findings point to the significant role of Schwann cells as part of neuro-immune interactions. Hence, in this review, we mainly focus on local and systemic effects of sensory nerve activity as well as Schwann cells in carcinogenesis and metastasis. Specific denervation of vagal sensory nerve fibers, or vagotomy, in animal models, has been reported to markedly increase lung metastases of breast carcinoma as well as pancreatic and gastric tumor growth, with the formation of liver metastases demonstrating the protective role of vagal sensory fibers against cancer. Clinical studies have revealed that patients with gastric ulcers who have undergone a vagotomy have a greater risk of stomach, colorectal, biliary tract, and lung cancers. Protective effects of vagal activity have also been documented by epidemiological studies demonstrating that high vagal activity predicts longer survival rates in patients with colon, non-small cell lung, prostate, and breast cancers. However, several studies have reported that inhibition of sensory neuronal activity reduces the development of solid tumors, including prostate, gastric, pancreatic, head and neck, cervical, ovarian, and skin cancers. These contradictory findings are likely to be due to the post-nerve injury-induced activation of systemic sensory fibers, the level of aggressiveness of the tumor model used, and the local heterogeneity of sensory fibers. As the aggressiveness of the tumor model and the level of the inflammatory response increase, the protective role of sensory nerve fibers is apparent and might be mostly due to systemic alterations in the neuro-immune response. Hence, more insights into inductive and permissive mechanisms, such as systemic, cellular neuro-immunological mechanisms of carcinogenesis and metastasis formation, are needed to understand the role of sensory neurons in tumor growth and spread.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14092333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T21:23:27Z","timestamp":1652131407000},"page":"2333","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Regulation of Carcinogenesis by Sensory Neurons and Neuromediators"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Nuray","family":"Erin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Pharmacology, Immunopharmacology, and Immuno-Oncology Unit, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Galina V.","family":"Shurin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, 15213 PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6312-3812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James H.","family":"Baraldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, 15213 PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6570-7395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael R.","family":"Shurin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, 15213 PA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, 15213 PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1900828","article-title":"The Neuroimmune Axis in the Tumor Microenvironment","volume":"204","author":"Shurin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-012-9847-0","article-title":"Cancer-related inflammation","volume":"33","author":"Candido","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-0115(03)00193-9","article-title":"Natural killer cell functions mediated by the neuropeptide substance P","volume":"116","author":"Feistritzer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Regul. Pept."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0410200","article-title":"Substance P inhibits natural killer cell cytotoxicity through the neurokinin-1 receptor","volume":"89","author":"Schwartz","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2016.00296","article-title":"The Therapeutic Potential of Targeting Substance P\/NK-1R Interactions in Inflammatory CNS Disorders","volume":"10","author":"Johnson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.20410","article-title":"Induction of a metastatogenic tumor cell type by neurotransmitters and its pharmacological inhibition by established drugs","volume":"112","author":"Lang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2015.08.007","article-title":"The Regulation of Immunological Processes by Peripheral Neurons in Homeostasis and Disease","volume":"36","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2019.07.008","article-title":"The CNS Immune Landscape from the Viewpoint of a T Cell","volume":"42","author":"Mundt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-014-8517-0","article-title":"Effects of stress on immune function: The good, the bad, and the beautiful","volume":"58","author":"Dhabhar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.31943","article-title":"The impact of psychosocial stress and stress management on immune responses in patients with cancer","volume":"125","author":"Antoni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1159\/000216188","article-title":"Enhancing versus suppressive effects of stress on immune function: Implications for immunoprotection and immunopathology","volume":"16","author":"Dhabhar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroimmunomodulation"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2015.1111370","article-title":"Meta-analysis of psychosocial interventions on survival time in patients with cancer","volume":"31","author":"Oh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol. Health"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20211604","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20211604","article-title":"Neural control of immune cell trafficking","volume":"219","author":"Mueller","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.05.009","article-title":"A Subset of Skin Macrophages Contributes to the Surveillance and Regeneration of Local Nerves","volume":"50","author":"Kolter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812962","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.812962","article-title":"The Neuroimmune Interplay in Joint Pain: The Role of Macrophages","volume":"13","author":"Vasconcelos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steinhoff, M., Ahmad, F., Pandey, A., Datsi, A., AlHammadi, A., Al-Khawaga, S., Al-Malki, A., Meng, J., Alam, M., and Buddenkotte, J. (J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 2022). Neuroimmune communication regulating pruritus in atopic dermatitis, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., in press.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.03.010"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.63.2.4","article-title":"Sensory Nerve Retraction and Sympathetic Nerve Innervation Contribute to Immunopathology of Murine Recurrent Herpes Stromal Keratitis","volume":"63","author":"Yun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Investig. Opthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfaa200","article-title":"The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in chronic kidney disease\u2014Review and vagus nerve stimulation clinical pilot study","volume":"35","author":"Hilderman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13092","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.13092","article-title":"The role of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in autoimmune rheumatic diseases","volume":"94","author":"Lv","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxab068","article-title":"Peripheral nerve stimulation and immunity: The expanding opportunities for providing mechanistic insight and therapeutic intervention","volume":"34","author":"Falvey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-042617-053158","article-title":"Molecular and Functional Neuroscience in Immunity","volume":"36","author":"Pavlov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104622","article-title":"The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in humans: State-of-the-art review and future directions","volume":"136","author":"Alen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"80824","article-title":"Evaluation of Platelet-Rich Plasma Therapy for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: A Critical Review of Literature","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-019-02424-7","article-title":"Immunomodulation by Schwann cells in disease","volume":"69","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1096\/fba.2021-00066","article-title":"Neural regulations of the tumor microenvironment","volume":"4","author":"Restaino","year":"2021","journal-title":"FASEB Bioadv."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601738","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.601738","article-title":"Nerves in the Tumor Microenvironment: Origin and Effects","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.4174\/astr.2021.100.4.252","article-title":"CORRIGENDUM: Addition of data source: Diagnostic model for pancreatic cancer using a multi-biomarker panel","volume":"100","author":"Choi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Treat. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2020.12116","article-title":"Calcitonin gene-related peptide: A promising bridge between cancer development and cancer-associated pain in oral squamous cell carcinoma (Review)","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.07.019","article-title":"Targeting neurotrophin signaling in cancer: The renaissance","volume":"135","author":"Griffin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.12787","article-title":"Oncogenic role of neurotensin and neurotensin receptors in various cancers","volume":"44","author":"Ouyang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2570","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2010.01735.x","article-title":"CD10-bearing fibroblast inhibits matrigel invasive potency of interleukin-1\u03b1-producing squamous cell carcinoma by diminishing substance P levels in the tumor microenvironment","volume":"101","author":"Xie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7593","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-08-1164","article-title":"Cancer-Related Axonogenesis and Neurogenesis in Prostate Cancer","volume":"14","author":"Ayala","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2020.188411","article-title":"Nerve input to tumours: Pathophysiological consequences of a dynamic relationship","volume":"1874","author":"Hutchings","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1515\/enr-2016-0023","article-title":"Effect of the autonomic nervous system on cancer progression depends on the type of tumor: Solid are more affected then ascitic tumors","volume":"50","author":"Horvathova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocr. Regul."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0430-3","article-title":"Genetic manipulation of autonomic nerve fiber innervation and activity and its effect on breast cancer progression","volume":"22","author":"Kamiya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/jidsymp.1997.2","article-title":"Organization of the peripheral nervous system: Autonomic and sensory ganglia","volume":"2","author":"Sternini","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol. Symp. Proc."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"599","article-title":"The sensory system","volume":"Volume 6","author":"Owman","year":"1988","journal-title":"Hatldbook of Chemical Neuroatlatomy"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)63021-6","article-title":"Morphological features of thin sensory afferent fibers: A new interpretation of \u2018nociceptor\u2019 function","volume":"74","author":"Kruger","year":"1988","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00039.2015","article-title":"Vagal Afferent Innervation of the Airways in Health and Disease","volume":"96","author":"Mazzone","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1566-0702(00)00215-0","article-title":"Functional and chemical anatomy of the afferent vagal system","volume":"85","author":"Berthoud","year":"2000","journal-title":"Auton. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"375","article-title":"Structure and function of avian somatosensory receptors","volume":"Volume 3","author":"King","year":"1985","journal-title":"Form and Function in Birds"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)62762-4","article-title":"Spinal cord projections and neuropeptides in visceral afferent neurons","volume":"67","year":"1986","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)62760-0","article-title":"Neurochemistry of visceral afferent neurones","volume":"67","author":"Dockray","year":"1986","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(89)90096-1","article-title":"Differences in the chemical expression of rat primary afferent neurons which innervate skin, muscle or joint","volume":"32","author":"Woolf","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"Tache, D.L.W.Y. (1991). Neurochemistry of spinal afferents supplying the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. Brain-Gut Interactions, CRC Press."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"1","article-title":"Regulatory role of capsaicin-sensitive peptidergic sensory nerves in the proteoglycan-induced autoimmune arthritis model of the mouse","volume":"15","author":"Szentes","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflam."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-006-9219-7","article-title":"Capsaicin-induced inactivation of sensory neurons promotes a more aggressive gene expression phenotype in breast cancer cells","volume":"99","author":"Erin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(88)90064-4","article-title":"Local effector functions of capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerve endings: Involvement of tachykinins, calcitonin gene-related peptide and other neuropeptides","volume":"24","author":"Holzer","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2007.09.004","article-title":"Role of visceral afferent neurons in mucosal inflammation and defense","volume":"7","author":"Holzer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(90)90132-N","article-title":"Marked increases in calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing nerves in the developing rat following long-term sympathectomy with guanethidine","volume":"35","author":"Aberdeen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"Mayer, H.E.R. (1993). Somatic and visceral afferent innervation: Neuroanatomical and neurochemical considerations. Basic and Clinical Aspects of Chronic Abdominal Pain, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1038\/270741a0","article-title":"Pharmacologically induced selective degeneration of chemosensitive primary sensory neurones","volume":"270","author":"Jancso","year":"1977","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(02)00072-8","article-title":"After a decade of intravesical vanilloid therapy: Still more questions than answers","volume":"1","author":"Szallasi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80564-4","article-title":"The cloned capsaicin receptor integrates multiple pain-producing stimuli","volume":"21","author":"Tominaga","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2011-12-3-218","article-title":"The transient receptor potential family of ion channels","volume":"12","author":"Nilius","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-019-02463-0","article-title":"Role of sensory neurons, neuroimmune pathways, and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels in a murine model of breast cancer metastasis","volume":"69","author":"Erin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"1003","article-title":"Capsaicin-mediated denervation of sensory neurons pro-motes mammary tumor metastasis to lung and heart","volume":"24","author":"Erin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.2144\/04372ST04","article-title":"Parameters affecting substance P measurement in heart, lung, and skin","volume":"37","author":"Erin","year":"2004","journal-title":"BioTechniques"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2008.10.006","article-title":"Differentiation of neuronal from non-neuronal Substance P","volume":"152","author":"Erin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Regul. Pept."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2008.10.007","article-title":"The effects of chronic low-dose capsaicin treatment on substance P levels","volume":"153","author":"Erin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Regul. Pept."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(98)00475-3","article-title":"Capsaicin sensitivity is associated with the expression of the vanilloid (capsaicin) receptor (VR1) mRNA in adult rat sensory ganglia","volume":"250","author":"Helliwell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1038\/39807","article-title":"The capsaicin receptor: A heat-activated ion channel in the pain pathway","volume":"389","author":"Caterina","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"179","article-title":"The neuropharmacology of capsaicin: Review of some recent observations","volume":"38","author":"Buck","year":"1986","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(82)90853-8","article-title":"Neonatal capsaicin does not affect unmyelinated efferent fibers of the autonomic nervous system: Functional evidence","volume":"239","author":"Cervero","year":"1982","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.03-02-00399.1983","article-title":"Dose-dependent effects of capsaicin on primary sensory neurons in the neonatal rat","volume":"3","author":"Nagy","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"159","article-title":"Vanilloid (Capsaicin) receptors and mechanisms","volume":"51","author":"Szallasi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(81)91049-0","article-title":"Effect of capsaicin administration to neonatal rats on the substance P content of discrete CNS regions","volume":"222","author":"Helke","year":"1981","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00500070","article-title":"Differential effects of capsaicin on the content of somatostatin, substance P, and neurotensin in the nervous system of the rat","volume":"317","author":"Gamse","year":"1981","journal-title":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg Arch. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903120310","article-title":"Developmental alterations in nociceptive threshold, immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P, and fluoride-resistant acid phosphatase in neonatally capsaicin-treated rats","volume":"312","author":"Hammond","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_70","first-page":"5","article-title":"Neuropeptide receptors as potential drug targets in the treatment of inflammatory conditions","volume":"77","author":"Pozsgai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12957","article-title":"Profiling of how nociceptor neurons detect danger\u2014New and old foes","volume":"286","author":"Crosson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_72","first-page":"17","article-title":"The axon reflex","volume":"7","author":"Yaprak","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroanatomy"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3760","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI42843","article-title":"Nociceptors: The sensors of the pain pathway","volume":"120","author":"Dubin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12591","article-title":"Sensory neuron regulation of gastrointestinal inflammation and bacterial host defence","volume":"282","author":"Lai","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2011.03.006","article-title":"Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels as drug targets for diseases of the digestive system","volume":"131","author":"Holzer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3946","article-title":"Crosstalk between the nociceptive and immune systems in host defence and disease","volume":"16","author":"McMahon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.06.008","article-title":"Mechanisms and Therapeutic Relevance of Neuro-immune Communication","volume":"46","author":"Chavan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12479","article-title":"Bacteria activate sensory neurons that modulate pain and inflammation","volume":"501","author":"Chiu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(94)90011-6","article-title":"Protective function of extrinsic sensory neurons in acute rabbit experimental colitis","volume":"106","author":"Reinshagen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1118","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.90904.2008","article-title":"Loss of vagal anti-inflammatory effect: In vivo visualization and adoptive transfer","volume":"297","author":"Bienenstock","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00198950","article-title":"The fiber composition of the abdominal vagus of the rat","volume":"181","author":"Prechtl","year":"1990","journal-title":"Anat. Embryol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.15424\/bioelectronmed.2016.00001","article-title":"Neuronal Circuits Modulate Antigen Flow Through Lymph Nodes","volume":"3","author":"Hanes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioelectron. Med."},{"key":"ref_83","first-page":"2075","article-title":"Neuronal Fc gamma receptor I as a novel mediator for IgG immune complex-induced peripheral sensitization","volume":"7","author":"Qu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref_84","first-page":"97","article-title":"Current views on reactions in leprosy","volume":"72","author":"Naafs","year":"2000","journal-title":"Indian J. Lepr."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711570104","article-title":"Changes in nerves and neuropeptides in skin from 100 leprosy patients investigated by immunocytochemistry","volume":"157","author":"Karanth","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(01)02090-7","article-title":"Can nerve damage disrupt neuroendocrine immune homeostasis? Leprosy as a case in point","volume":"23","author":"Rook","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711600411","article-title":"Time-related decrease of substance P and CGRP in central and peripheral projections of sensory neurones inMycobacterium leprae infected nude mice: A model for lepromatous leprosy in man","volume":"160","author":"Karanth","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/jidsymp.1997.6","article-title":"Interactions of the skin and nervous system","volume":"2","author":"Ansel","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol. Symp. Proc."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4630","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V88.12.4630.bloodjournal88124630","article-title":"Functional properties of murine macrophages promoted by nerve growth factor","volume":"88","author":"Susaki","year":"1996","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(99)00273-0","article-title":"Do nerve growth factor-related mechanisms contribute to loss of cutaneous nociception in leprosy?","volume":"85","author":"Facer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(94)90080-9","article-title":"Interaction of pancreatic ductal carcinoma with nerves leads to nerve damage","volume":"107","author":"Bockman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2736","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-18-3872","article-title":"Melanoma-induced reprogramming of Schwann cell signaling aids tumor growth","volume":"79","author":"Shurin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_93","first-page":"874","article-title":"Prognostic indicators following curative pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic carcinoma: A retrospective multivariate analysis of a single centre experience","volume":"21","author":"Petrou","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Balk. Union Oncol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e318065bfe6","article-title":"Detail histologic analysis of nerve plexus invasion in invasive ductal carcinoma of the pancreas and its prognostic impact","volume":"31","author":"Mitsunaga","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.13452","article-title":"Nerve-tumour interaction enhances the aggressiveness of oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"44","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0000000000000610","article-title":"Perineural invasion in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Background, mechanisms, and prognostic implications","volume":"28","author":"Saidak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3131","article-title":"Perineural invasion and associated pain in pancreatic cancer","volume":"11","author":"Bapat","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_98","first-page":"1","article-title":"Perineural invasion of cancer: A complex crosstalk between cells and molecules in the perineural niche","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1097\/00006676-199605000-00006","article-title":"clinical significance of carcinoma invasion of the extrapancreatic nerve plexus in pancreatic cancer","volume":"12","author":"Nakao","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2015.166","article-title":"Neural plasticity in pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer","volume":"12","author":"Demir","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers2031513","article-title":"Neural invasion in pancreatic cancer: The past, present and future","volume":"2","author":"Demir","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2592","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001986","article-title":"Peripheral nerve injury and sensitization underlie pain associated with oral cancer perineural invasion","volume":"161","author":"Salvo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2018.01.01","article-title":"Tumor progression: The neuronal input","volume":"6","author":"Arese","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-018-0489-x","article-title":"Crosstalk between Sensory Nerves and Cancer in Bone","volume":"16","author":"Yoneda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Osteoporos. Rep."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1992.tb22766.x","article-title":"Enteric and visceral afferent CGRP neurons. Targets of innervation and differential expression patterns","volume":"657","author":"Sternini","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1102-991","article-title":"Cancer immunoediting: From immunosurveillance to tumor escape","volume":"3","author":"Dunn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1984.tb00127.x","article-title":"Vascular permeability changes and smooth muscle contraction in relation to capsaicin-sensitive substance P afferents in the guinea-pig","volume":"120","author":"Lundberg","year":"1984","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.2174\/092986706777935131","article-title":"Regulation of inflammatory responses by sensory neurons: Molecular mechanism(s) and possible therapeutic applications","volume":"13","author":"Okajima","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-14-0209","article-title":"Tumors: Wounds that do not heal\u2014Redux","volume":"3","author":"Dvorak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.01.009","article-title":"Wounds that will not heal: Pervasive cellular reprogramming in cancer","volume":"182","author":"Byun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29047","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.25540","article-title":"Oral inflammation promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma invasion","volume":"9","author":"Goertzen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2018.0046","article-title":"Interferon Lambda: Toward a Dual Role in Cancer","volume":"39","author":"Lasfar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Interf. Cytokine Res."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10805","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29041-1","article-title":"Association between low-grade inflammation and Breast cancer and B-cell Myeloma and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Findings from two prospective cohorts","volume":"8","author":"Berger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Praveen, T.K., Gangadharappa, H.V., Abu Lila, A.S., Moin, A., Mehmood, K., Krishna, K.L., Hussain, T., Alafanan, A., Shakil, S., and Rizvi, S.M.D. (Semin. Cancer Biol., 2022). Inflammation targeted nanomedicines: Patents and applications in cancer therapy, Semin. Cancer Biol., in press.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2022.04.004"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859863","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.859863","article-title":"Extracellular Vesicles Linking Inflammation, Cancer and Thrombotic Risks","volume":"10","author":"Beck","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karpathiou, G., P\u00e9oc\u2019H, M., Sundaralingam, A., Rahman, N., and Froudarakis, M.E. (2022). Inflammation of the Pleural Cavity: A Review on Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Implications in Tumor Pathophysiology. Cancers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14061415"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091390312","article-title":"The numbers of nerve fibers in the vagus nerve of man","volume":"139","author":"Hoffman","year":"1961","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.a.20088","article-title":"Anatomy and function of sensory hepatic nerves","volume":"280","author":"Berthoud","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2008.03.012","article-title":"Vagotomy enhances experimental metastases of 4THMpc breast cancer cells and alters Substance P level","volume":"151","author":"Erin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Regul. Pept."},{"key":"ref_120","first-page":"3675","article-title":"Vagus nerve regulates breast cancer metastasis to the adrenal gland","volume":"33","author":"Erin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22501","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.15019","article-title":"Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy promotes tumor growth and reduces survival via TNF\u03b1 in a murine pancreatic cancer model","volume":"8","author":"Partecke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/12.7.1227","article-title":"Promoting effect of truncal vagotomy on pancreatic carcinogenesis initiated with N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine in Syrian golden hamsters","volume":"12","author":"Ogawa","year":"1991","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref_123","first-page":"194","article-title":"Promotion by vagotomy of gastric car-cinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N\u2032-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in Wistar rats","volume":"45","author":"Tatsuta","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910420318","article-title":"Effects of bilateral and unilateral vagotomy on gastric carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N\u2032-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in wistar rats","volume":"42","author":"Tatsuta","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.316.7130.518","article-title":"Relation of vagotomy to subsequent risk of lung cancer: Population based cohort study","volume":"316","author":"Ekbom","year":"1998","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1097\/00008469-199110000-00007","article-title":"Increased risk of cancer mortality after vagotomy for peptic ulcer","volume":"1","author":"Caygill","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1159\/000487483","article-title":"Protective Role of the Hepatic Vagus Nerve against Liver Metastasis in Mice","volume":"24","author":"Hiramoto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroimmunomodulation"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-010-9174-6","article-title":"Methods of assessing vagus nerve activity and reflexes","volume":"16","author":"Chapleau","year":"2011","journal-title":"Heart Fail. Rev."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2435","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2013.2725","article-title":"The relationship between vagal nerve activity and clinical outcomes in prostate and non-small cell lung cancer patients","volume":"30","author":"Schallier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2011.10.002","article-title":"The relationship between heart rate variability and time-course of carcinoembryonic antigen in colorectal cancer","volume":"166","author":"Mouton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Auton. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2015.11.007","article-title":"Vagal nerve activity predicts overall survival in metastatic pancreatic cancer, mediated by inflammation","volume":"40","author":"Moorthamers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2566","article-title":"Reflex control of immunity","volume":"9","author":"Tracey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1038\/35013070","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation attenuates the systemic inflammatory response to endotoxin","volume":"405","author":"Borovikova","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_134","first-page":"191-e93","article-title":"Neuroanatomical evidence demonstrating the existence of the vagal anti-inflammatory reflex in the intestine","volume":"24","author":"Cailotto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol. Motil."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6518","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.11.6518","article-title":"Involvement of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in suppression of antimicrobial activity and cytokine responses of alveolar macrophages tolegionella pneumophilainfection by nicotine","volume":"167","author":"Matsunaga","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01339","article-title":"Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor \u03b17 subunit is an essential regulator of inflammation","volume":"421","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1229","article-title":"Stimulation of the vagus nerve attenuates macrophage activation by activating the Jak2-STAT3 signaling pathway","volume":"6","author":"The","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.02.036","article-title":"Expression and function of genes encoding cholinergic components in murine immune cells","volume":"80","author":"Kawashima","year":"2007","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.02.005","article-title":"Nicotine alters the biological activities of developing mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs)","volume":"109","author":"Tinajero","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI30555","article-title":"Physiology and immunology of the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway","volume":"117","author":"Tracey","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795300","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.795300","article-title":"Electrical Stimulation for Immune Modulation in Cancer Treatments","volume":"9","author":"Das","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2009.04.014","article-title":"Primary sensory neuronal expression of SLURP-1, an endogenous nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligand","volume":"64","author":"Moriwaki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.01.002","article-title":"Neuro-immune interactions via the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway","volume":"80","author":"Pavlov","year":"2007","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12696","article-title":"Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP): A novel target for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"23","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1995.tb14969.x","article-title":"Additive effect of ADP and CGRP in modulation of the acetylcholine receptor channel in Xenopus embryonic myocytes","volume":"115","author":"Liou","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.21.5.797","article-title":"cAMP signal transduction cascade, a novel pathway for the regulation of endothelial nitric oxide production in coronary blood vessels","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arter. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1021\/bi901848m","article-title":"Refolding and characterization of a soluble ectodomain complex of the calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor","volume":"49","author":"Koth","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02885531","article-title":"Evidence that CGRP and cAMP increase transcription of AChR \u03b1-subunit gene, but not of other subunit genes","volume":"3","author":"Moss","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.11.066","article-title":"Functional and Molecular Characterization of Mechanoinsensitive \u201cSilent\u201d Nociceptors","volume":"21","author":"Prato","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-017-0669-2","article-title":"Origins of antidromic activity in sensory afferent fibers and neurogenic inflammation","volume":"40","author":"Sorkin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref_151","first-page":"6","article-title":"Neurobiology of substance P and the NK1 receptor","volume":"63","author":"Mantyh","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4249","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-016-2293-z","article-title":"Neuropeptide substance P and the Immune response","volume":"73","author":"Mashaghi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.52.030190.003205","article-title":"Pathways to regulated exocytosis in neurons","volume":"52","author":"Jahn","year":"1990","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(06)61007-8","article-title":"Substance P in traumatic brain injury","volume":"161","author":"Donkin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2004.08.022","article-title":"Substance P and neurokinin-1 receptor modulation of HIV","volume":"157","author":"Ho","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1998.00621.x","article-title":"Substance P enhances cytokine-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression on cultured rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes","volume":"113","author":"Lambert","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2003.09.003","article-title":"Substance P induces TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6 production through NF\u03baB in peritoneal mast cells","volume":"1643","author":"Azzolina","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-9781(90)90162-X","article-title":"Substance P innervation of the rat thymus","volume":"11","author":"Lorton","year":"1990","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"ref_159","first-page":"1252","article-title":"Innervation of bone from healthy and arthritic rats by substance P and calcitonin gene related peptide containing sensory fibers","volume":"19","author":"Hukkanen","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601751","article-title":"Role of Substance P Neuropeptide in Inflammation, Wound Healing, and Tissue Homeostasis","volume":"199","author":"Suvas","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.131.4.1613","article-title":"Specific stimulation of human T lymphocytes by substance P","volume":"131","author":"Payan","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.139.3.749","article-title":"Distribution of substance P receptors on murine spleen and Peyer\u2019s patch T and B cells","volume":"139","author":"Stanisz","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5654","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.159.11.5654","article-title":"Human monocytes and macrophages express substance P and neurokinin-1 receptor","volume":"159","author":"Ho","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/0-306-47611-8_30","article-title":"Substance P receptor mediated macrophage responses","volume":"493","author":"Marriott","year":"2001","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_165","first-page":"359","article-title":"Activation of human neutrophils by substance P: Effect on FMLP-stimulated oxidative and arachidonic acid metabolism and on antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity","volume":"68","author":"Wozniak","year":"1989","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.135.2.1331","article-title":"Mast cell heterogeneity: Effects of neuroenteric peptides on histamine release","volume":"135","author":"Shanahan","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(80)90581-1","article-title":"Enhancement of phagocytosis\u2014A newly found activity of Substance P residing in its N-terminal tetrapeptide sequence","volume":"94","author":"Goldman","year":"1980","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7006","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.11.7006","article-title":"In vivo signaling through the neurokinin 1 receptor favors transgene expression by langerhans cells and promotes the generation of Th1- and Tc1-biased immune responses","volume":"178","author":"Mathers","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2923","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-07-446054","article-title":"Neurokinin-1 receptor agonists bias therapeutic dendritic cells to induce type 1 immunity by licensing host dendritic cells to produce IL-12","volume":"121","author":"Janelsins","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3017","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-06-163121","article-title":"Proinflammatory tachykinins that signal through the neurokinin 1 receptor promote survival of dendritic cells and potent cellular immunity","volume":"113","author":"Janelsins","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200425902","article-title":"Substance P regulates natural killer cell interferon-? production and resistance toPseudomonas aeruginosa infection","volume":"35","author":"Lighvani","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2334","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.5.2334","article-title":"Substance P-induced IL-12 production by murine macrophages","volume":"158","author":"Bost","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_173","first-page":"196","article-title":"Selective modulation of the natural killer activity of murine intestinal intraepithelial leucocytes by the neuropeptide substance P","volume":"71","author":"Croitoru","year":"1990","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3906","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.7.3906","article-title":"IL-12 Induction of mRNA encoding substance P in murine macrophages from the spleen and sites of inflammation","volume":"174","author":"Arsenescu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3651","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00358-08","article-title":"Interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-23 Induction of substance P synthesis in Murine T cells and macrophages is subject to IL-10 and transforming growth factor \u03b2 regulation","volume":"76","author":"Blum","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.1.182","article-title":"IL-4 and IFN-\u03b3 Up-Regulate Substance P Receptor expression in murine peritoneal macrophages","volume":"165","author":"Marriott","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2957","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0530112100","article-title":"Regulation of the NK-1 receptor gene expression in human macrophage cells via an NF-\u03baB site on its promoter","volume":"100","author":"Simeonidis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(83)90511-3","article-title":"Activation of macrophages by substance P: Induction of oxidative burst and thromboxane release","volume":"89","author":"Hartung","year":"1983","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1995.tb01157.x","article-title":"Substance P and alveolar macrophages: Effects on oxidative metabolism and eicosanoid production","volume":"50","author":"Pinelli","year":"1995","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3498","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.148.11.3498","article-title":"Substance P enhances IL-2 expression in activated human T cells","volume":"148","author":"Calvo","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5281","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.150.12.5281","article-title":"Modulation of T lymphocyte function by neuropeptides. Evidence for their role as local immunoregulatory elements","volume":"150","author":"Nio","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2484","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.151.5.2484","article-title":"Stimulation of IL-2 production in murine lymphocytes by substance P and related tachykinins","volume":"151","author":"Rameshwar","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_183","first-page":"733","article-title":"In vivo immunomodulation by the neuropeptide substance P","volume":"63","author":"Scicchitano","year":"1988","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(98)00173-8","article-title":"Neurokinin type-1 receptor antagonist inhibits enhancement of T cell functions by substance P in normal and neuromanipulated capsaicin-treated rats","volume":"93","author":"Santoni","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-007-0767-4","article-title":"Administration of substance P during a primary immune response amplifies the secondary immune response via a long-lasting effect on CD8+ T lymphocytes","volume":"299","author":"Ikeda","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.00-0379","article-title":"Interleukin 12 and antigen independently induce substance P receptor expression in T cells in murine schistosomiasis mansoni","volume":"15","author":"Blum","year":"2001","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5003","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.10.5003","article-title":"IL-18 and IL-12 Signal through the NF-\u03baB pathway to induce NK-1R Expression on T cells","volume":"170","author":"Weinstock","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4293","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0905877107","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 regulates T-cell neurokinin-1 receptor internalization and function","volume":"107","author":"Beinborn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(90)90084-Z","article-title":"Effects of capsaicin treatment on immunoglobulin secretion in the rat: Further evidence for involvement of tachykinin-containing afferent nerves","volume":"26","author":"Eglezos","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13240","article-title":"Severing corneal nerves in one eye induces sympathetic loss of immune privilege and promotes rejection of future corneal allografts placed in either eye","volume":"15","author":"Paunicka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2015.02.024","article-title":"Activation of neuroimmune pathways increases therapeutic effects of radiotherapy on poorly differentiated breast carcinoma","volume":"48","author":"Erin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0704697","article-title":"Protective effects of neurokinin-1 receptor during colitis in mice: Role of the epidermal growth factor receptor","volume":"136","author":"Castagliuolo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4262","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-0163","article-title":"Substance P promotes diabetic corneal epithelial wound healing through molecular mechanisms mediated via the neurokinin-1 receptor","volume":"63","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.04.015","article-title":"Substance P accelerates wound repair by promoting neovascularization and preventing inflammation in an ischemia mouse model","volume":"225","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1909","article-title":"A new role of substance P as an injury-inducible messenger for mobilization of CD29+ stromal-like cells","volume":"15","author":"Hong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-475X.2009.00456.x","article-title":"Substance P accelerates intestinal tissue regeneration after \u03b3-irradiation-induced damage","volume":"17","author":"Kang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1177\/153537020523000407","article-title":"Exogenous administration of substance p enhances wound healing in a novel skin-injury model","volume":"230","author":"Delgado","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.12413","article-title":"Substance P promotes diabetic wound healing by modulating inflammation and restoring cellular activity of mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"24","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e3283572206","article-title":"Substance P induces M2-type macrophages after spinal cord injury","volume":"23","author":"Jiang","year":"2012","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2015.02.011","article-title":"Substance P promotes Wound healing in diabetes by modulating inflammation and macrophage phenotype","volume":"185","author":"Leal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2014.09.090","article-title":"Substance P ameliorates collagen II-induced arthritis in mice via suppression of the inflammatory response","volume":"453","author":"Hong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9417","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09639-7","article-title":"A neuropeptide, Substance-P, directly induces tissue-repairing M2 like macrophages by activating the PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR pathway even in the presence of IFN\u03b3","volume":"7","author":"Lim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14075","article-title":"Update on the pharmacology of calcitonin\/CGRP family of peptides: IUPHAR Review 25","volume":"175","author":"Hay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apha.2020.01.001","article-title":"RAMPs as allosteric modulators of the calcitonin and calcitonin-like class B G protein-coupled receptors","volume":"88","author":"Pioszak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00034.2013","article-title":"Calcitonin gene-related peptide: Physiology and pathophysiology","volume":"94","author":"Russell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8027.2012.00378.x","article-title":"The challenges and beauty of peripheral nerve regrowth","volume":"17","author":"Zochodne","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Peripher. Nerv. Syst."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1097\/01.shk.0000183395.29014.7c","article-title":"Calcitonin gene-related peptide inhibits local acute inflammation and protects mice against lethal endotoxemia","volume":"24","author":"Gomes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.12442","article-title":"Calcitonin gene-related peptide: Key regulator of cutaneous immunity","volume":"213","author":"Granstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Physiol."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1006\/cyto.1996.0145","article-title":"Inhibition of tumour necrosis factor production in endotoxin-stimulated human mononuclear leukocytes by the prostacyclin analogue iloprost: Cellular mechanisms","volume":"9","author":"Dinter","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2011.02.007","article-title":"Calcitonin gene-related peptide inhibits chemokine production by human dermal microvascular endothelial cells","volume":"25","author":"Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15114","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.20.15114","article-title":"Inhibition of NF-\u03baB activity and Enhancement of apoptosis by the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide","volume":"275","author":"Millet","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700858","article-title":"CGRP, PACAP, and VIP modulate langerhans cell function by inhibiting NF-\u03baB activation","volume":"127","author":"Ding","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_213","first-page":"253","article-title":"Calcitonin gene-related peptide in the cardiovascular system: Characterization of receptor popula-tions and their (patho)physiological significance","volume":"48","author":"Bell","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4220","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.136.11.4220","article-title":"Stimulation of neu-trophils by tumor necrosis factor","volume":"136","author":"Klebanoff","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1159\/000212099","article-title":"Protective effects and anti-inflammatory pathways of exogenous calcitonin gene-related peptide in severe necrotizing pancreatitis","volume":"9","author":"Schneider","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1160\/TH05-09-0636","article-title":"Antithrombin reduces reperfusion-induced liver injury in mice by enhancing sensory neuron activation","volume":"95","author":"Harada","year":"2006","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.09.005","article-title":"Contribution of sensory neurons to sex difference in the development of stress-induced gastric mucosal injury in mice","volume":"131","author":"Shimozawa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_218","first-page":"G615","article-title":"Estrogen and isoflavone attenuate stress-induced gastric mucosal injury by inhibiting decreases in gastric tissue levels of CGRP in ovariectomized rats","volume":"292","author":"Shimozawa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X15581406","article-title":"Chronic neurokinin-1 receptor antagonism fails to ameliorate clinical signs, airway hyper-responsiveness or airway eosinophilia in an experimental model of feline asthma","volume":"18","author":"Grobman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Feline Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(87)90360-5","article-title":"Leukotriene and prostaglandin sensitization of cutaneous high-threshold C- and A-delta mechanonociceptors in the hairy skin of rat hindlimbs","volume":"22","author":"Martin","year":"1987","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4987","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.14-08-04987.1994","article-title":"Prostaglandin E2 enhances bradykinin-stimulated release of neuropeptides from rat sensory neurons in culture","volume":"14","author":"Vasko","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5411","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-07-05411.1995","article-title":"Prostaglandins facilitate peptide release from rat sensory neurons by activating the adenosine 3\u2032,5\u2032-cyclic monophosphate transduction cascade","volume":"15","author":"Hingtgen","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2012.03.006","article-title":"Molecular interactions underlying the specification of sensory neurons","volume":"35","author":"Lallemend","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-015-1482-4","article-title":"Role of macrophages in Wallerian degeneration and axonal regeneration after peripheral nerve injury","volume":"130","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2022.114069","article-title":"New insights into peripheral nerve regeneration: The role of secretomes","volume":"354","author":"Contreras","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236361","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1236361","article-title":"Autonomic nerve development contributes to prostate cancer progression","volume":"341","author":"Magnon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250ra115","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3009569","article-title":"Denervation suppresses gastric tumorigenesis","volume":"6","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2015.02.006","article-title":"Basal cell carcinoma preferentially arises from stem cells within hair follicle and mechanosensory niches","volume":"16","author":"Peterson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1080\/10253890.2016.1213808","article-title":"Sympathectomy reduces tumor weight and affects expression of tumor-related genes in melanoma tissue in the mouse","volume":"19","author":"Horvathova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stress"},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3835(02)00584-0","article-title":"Myenteric denervation reduces the incidence of gastric tumors in rats","volume":"190","author":"Zucoloto","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-16-0899","article-title":"PanIN neuroendocrine cells promote tumorigenesis via neuronal cross-talk","volume":"77","author":"Sinha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-13-2050","article-title":"Neuroplastic changes occur early in the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","volume":"74","author":"Stopczynski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3078","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1512603113","article-title":"Ablation of sensory neurons in a genetic model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma slows initiation and progression of cancer","volume":"113","author":"Saloman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-18-0046","article-title":"Cholinergic Signaling via Muscarinic Receptors Directly and Indirectly Suppresses Pancreatic Tumorigenesis and Cancer Stemness","volume":"8","author":"Renz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2019.04.651","article-title":"Innervation of cervical carcinoma is mediated by cancer-derived exosomes","volume":"154","author":"Lucido","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-1996-3","article-title":"Loss of p53 drives neuron reprogramming in head and neck cancer","volume":"578","author":"Amit","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kovacs, A., Vermeer, D.W., Madeo, M., Reavis, H., Vermeer, S.J., Williamson, C.S., Rickel, A., Stamp, J., Lucido, C.T., and Cain, J. (2020). Tumor-infiltrating nerves create an electro-physiologically active microenvironment and contribute to treatment resistance. bioRxiv.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.04.24.058594"},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.4149\/neo_2011_05_424","article-title":"Chemical sympathectomy suppresses fibrosarcoma development and improves survival of tumor-bearing rats","volume":"58","author":"Lackovicova","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neoplasma"},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2719","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.05-10-02719.1985","article-title":"Parasympathetic, sympathetic, and sensory interactions in the iris: Nerve growth factor regulates cholinergic ciliary ganglion innervation in vivo","volume":"5","author":"Kessler","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00870137","article-title":"Neuropeptidergic versus cholinergic and adrenergic regulation of islet hormone secretion","volume":"29","author":"Taborsky","year":"1986","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7746","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-17-07746.2002","article-title":"Degeneration of myelinated efferent fibers induces spontaneous activity in uninjured C-fiber afferents","volume":"22","author":"Wu","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"RC140","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-08-j0002.2001","article-title":"Early onset of spontaneous activity in uninjured C-fiber nociceptors after injury to neighboring nerve fibers","volume":"21","author":"Wu","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_243","first-page":"G560","article-title":"Vagus nerve integrity and experimental colitis","volume":"293","author":"Ghia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"ref_244","first-page":"G711","article-title":"The protective effect of the vagus nerve in a murine model of chronic relapsing colitis","volume":"293","author":"Ghia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"ref_245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.10.042","article-title":"Perineural capsaicin induces the uptake and transganglionic transport of choleratoxin b subunit by nociceptive c-fiber primary afferent neurons","volume":"311","author":"Kis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(90)90286-D","article-title":"Transganglionic degeneration of capsaicin-sensitive C-fiber primary afferent terminals","volume":"39","author":"Lawson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1991.tb00089.x","article-title":"C-fibre Function during the 6 Weeks Following Brief Application of Capsaicin to a Cutaneous Nerve in the Rat","volume":"3","author":"Pini","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(82)90119-1","article-title":"The time course and specificity of the changes in the behavioural and dorsal horn cell responses to noxious stimuli following peripheral nerve capsaicin treatment in the rat","volume":"7","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"1982","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00505809","article-title":"Direct evidence for an axonal site of action of capsaicin","volume":"313","author":"Jancso","year":"1980","journal-title":"Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Exp. Pathol. Pharmakol."},{"key":"ref_250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3881","article-title":"Unbiased classification of sensory neuron types by large-scale single-cell RNA sequencing","volume":"18","author":"Usoskin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3404","article-title":"Activity-dependent silencing reveals functionally distinct itch-generating sensory neurons","volume":"16","author":"Roberson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-315631","article-title":"Single-cell RNAseq reveals seven classes of colonic sensory neuron","volume":"68","author":"Hockley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.4329\/wjr.v4.i2.36","article-title":"CT and MR imaging patterns for pancreatic carcinoma invading the extrapancreatic neural plexus (Part I): Anatomy, imaging of the extrapancreatic nerve","volume":"4","author":"Zuo","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schonkeren, S.L., Thijssen, M.S., Vaes, N., Boesmans, W., and Melotte, V. (2021). The Emerging Role of Nerves and Glia in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13010152"},{"key":"ref_255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2020.07.005","article-title":"Tumor Innervation: Cancer Has Some Nerve","volume":"6","author":"Reavis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Cancer"}],"container-title":["Cancers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/14\/9\/2333\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:08:01Z","timestamp":1760137681000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/14\/9\/2333"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]]},"references-count":255,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["cancers14092333"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers14092333","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]]}}}