{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:40:29Z","timestamp":1784162429891,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]],"date-time":"2022-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human papilloma virus infection (HPV) is associated with the development of lingual and palatine tonsil carcinomas. Diagnosing, differentiating HPV-positive from HPV-negative cancers, and assessing the presence of lymph node metastases or recurrences by the visual interpretation of images is not easy. Texture analysis can provide structural information not perceptible to human eyes. A systematic literature search was performed on 16 February 2022 for studies with a focus on texture analysis in oropharyngeal cancers. We conducted the research on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science platforms. Studies were screened for inclusion according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews. Twenty-six studies were included in our review. Nineteen articles related specifically to the oropharynx and seven articles analysed the head and neck area with sections dedicated to the oropharynx. Six, thirteen, and seven articles used MRI, CT, and PET, respectively, as the imaging techniques by which texture analysis was performed. Regarding oropharyngeal tumours, this review delineates the applications of texture analysis in (1) the diagnosis, prognosis, and assessment of disease recurrence or persistence after therapy, (2) early differentiation of HPV-positive versus HPV-negative cancers, (3) the detection of cancers not visualised by imaging alone, and (4) the assessment of lymph node metastases from unknown primary carcinomas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14102445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]],"date-time":"2022-05-16T13:06:23Z","timestamp":1652706383000},"page":"2445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Role of Texture Analysis in Oropharyngeal Carcinoma: A Systematic Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1231-6200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleonora","family":"Bicci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Radiodiagnostic Unit n. 2, University of Florence\u2014Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5489-7824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cosimo","family":"Nardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Radiodiagnostic Unit n. 2, University of Florence\u2014Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Calamandrei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Radiodiagnostic Unit n. 2, University of Florence\u2014Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4589-7109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Pietragalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Radiodiagnostic Unit n. 2, University of Florence\u2014Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2078-0222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edoardo","family":"Cavigli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Florence\u2014Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5212-2136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Mungai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Florence\u2014Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Bonasera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Florence\u2014Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7848-1567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vittorio","family":"Miele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Florence\u2014Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2012.06.019","article-title":"Human papillomavirus related head and neck cancer survival: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"48","author":"Ellison","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oral Oncol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u2019Souza, G., Cullen, K., Bowie, J., Thorpe, R., and Fakhry, C. (2014). Differences in oral sexual behaviors by gender, age, and race explain observed differences in prevalence of oral human papillomavirus infection. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086023"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgx106","article-title":"Aetiological heterogeneity of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas: The role of human papillomavirus infections, smoking and alcohol","volume":"38","author":"Farsi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2017.08.008","article-title":"Human Papillomavirus and Oropharyngeal Cancer","volume":"62","author":"Tanaka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dent. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2016.01.005","article-title":"p16 and p53 expression status in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A correlation with histological, histoprognostic and clinical parameters","volume":"48","author":"Karpathiou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.14.1713","article-title":"Incidence trends for human papillomavirus-related and -unrelated oral squamous cell carcinomas in the United States","volume":"26","author":"Chaturvedi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3235","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.61.6995","article-title":"Epidemiology of Human Papillomavirus-Positive Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma","volume":"33","author":"Gillison","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.01751","article-title":"HPV Detection in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas: What Is the Issue?","volume":"10","author":"Augustin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3524","article-title":"Differences in imaging characteristics of HPV-positive and HPV-Negative oropharyngeal cancers: A blinded matched-pair analysis","volume":"34","author":"Cantrell","year":"2013","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14129","article-title":"Comprehensive genomic characterization of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas","volume":"517","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6758","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-09-0784","article-title":"Human papillomavirus in head and neck cancer: Its role in pathogenesis and clinical implications","volume":"15","author":"Chung","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, Y.H., Yeh, C.H., Cheng, N.M., Lin, C.Y., Wang, H.M., Ko, S.F., Toh, C.H., Yen, T.C., Liao, C.T., and Ng, S.H. (2017). Cystic nodal metastasis in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma receiving chemoradiotherapy: Relationship with human papillomavirus status and failure patterns. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0180779"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mric.2017.08.006","article-title":"Practical Tips for MR Imaging of Perineural Tumor Spread","volume":"26","author":"Kirsch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Imaging Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maraghelli, D., Pietragalla, M., Calistri, L., Barbato, L., Locatello, L.G., Orlandi, M., Landini, N., Lo Casto, A., and Nardi, C. (2022). Techniques, Tricks, and Stratagems of Oral Cavity Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Appl. Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/app12031473"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-020-01220-z","article-title":"Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in oncology: How we do it","volume":"125","author":"Petralia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-021-01394-0","article-title":"Role of MRI in early follow-up of patients with solid organ injuries: How and why we do it?","volume":"126","author":"Iacobellis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-021-01393-1","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomics of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC): A comparison of predictive performance of multiple classifiers modeling to identify cervical lymph node metastases before surgery","volume":"126","author":"Qin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-019-01028-6","article-title":"CT assessment of tumor heterogeneity and the potential for the prediction of human papillomavirus status in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"124","author":"Mungai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-022-01464-x","article-title":"An approach to evaluate the quality of radiological reports in Head and Neck cancer loco-regional staging: Experience of two Academic Hospitals","volume":"127","author":"Giannitto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2021.109529","article-title":"Texture analysis in the characterization of parotid salivary gland lesions: A study on MR diffusion weighted imaging","volume":"136","author":"Nardi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-020-01138-6","article-title":"Computed tomography-based radiomics model for discriminating the risk stratification of gastrointestinal stromal tumors","volume":"125","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-020-01188-w","article-title":"Computed tomography (CT)-derived radiomic features differentiate prevascular mediastinum masses as thymic neoplasms versus lymphomas","volume":"125","author":"Kirienko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-020-01314-8","article-title":"Radiomic features for prostate cancer grade detection through formal verification","volume":"126","author":"Santone","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-021-01405-0","article-title":"Computed tomography-based radiomics approach in pancreatic tumors characterization","volume":"126","author":"Karmazanovsky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-021-01436-7","article-title":"Delta radiomics: A systematic review","volume":"126","author":"Nardone","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-021-01446-5","article-title":"Correlation of CT radiomic features for GISTs with pathological classification and molecular subtypes: Preliminary and monocentric experience","volume":"127","author":"Palatresi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Granata, V., Fusco, R., De Muzio, F., Cutolo, C., Setola, S.V., Grassi, R., Grassi, F., Ottaiano, A., Nasti, G., and Tatangelo, F. (2022). Radiomics textural features by MR imaging to assess clinical outcomes following liver resection in colorectal liver metastases. Radiol. Med.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14051239"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2017170056","article-title":"CT Texture Analysis: Definitions, Applications, Biologic Correlates, and Challenges","volume":"37","author":"Lubner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-021-01389-x","article-title":"A deep look into radiomics","volume":"126","author":"Scapicchio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-020-01205-y","article-title":"Artificial intelligence: Radiologists\u2019 expectations and opinions gleaned from a nationwide online survey","volume":"126","author":"Coppola","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-021-01333-z","article-title":"CT-derived radiomic features to discriminate histologic characteristics of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"126","author":"Benedetti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-021-01423-y","article-title":"Radiomics in breast MRI: Current progress toward clinical application in the era of artificial intelligence","volume":"127","author":"Satake","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Autorino, R., Gui, B., Panza, G., Boldrini, L., Cusumano, D., Russo, L., Nardangeli, A., Persiani, S., Campitelli, M., and Ferrandina, G. (2022). Radiomics-based prediction of two-year clinical outcome in locally advanced cervical cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Radiol. Med.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-022-01482-9"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-012-0196-6","article-title":"Assessment of tumor heterogeneity: An emerging imaging tool for clinical practice?","volume":"3","author":"Davnall","year":"2012","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-0990","article-title":"Imaging intratumor heterogeneity: Role in therapy response, resistance, and clinical outcome","volume":"21","author":"Rose","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-019-00990-5","article-title":"Artificial intelligence: A challenge for third millennium radiologist","volume":"124","author":"Grassi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-020-01135-9","article-title":"Artificial intelligence: Who is responsible for the diagnosis?","volume":"125","author":"Neri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"499","article-title":"Methodology of a systematic review","volume":"42","author":"Hernandez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Actas Urol. Esp."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Higgins, J.P.T., and Cochrane Collaboration (2020). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, Wiley-Blackwell. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4285","article-title":"Using Texture Analysis to Determine Human Papillomavirus Status of Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinomas on CT","volume":"36","author":"Buch","year":"2015","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/RCT.0000000000000320","article-title":"Difference Between HPV-Positive and HPV-Negative Non-Oropharyngeal Head and Neck Cancer: Texture Analysis Features on CT","volume":"40","author":"Fujita","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1097\/RCT.0000000000000682","article-title":"Computed Tomography-Based Texture Analysis to Determine Human Papillomavirus Status of Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma","volume":"42","author":"Ranjbar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"49","article-title":"Radiomic analysis in prediction of Human Papilloma Virus status","volume":"7","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rich, B., Huang, J., Yang, Y., Jin, W., Johnson, P., Wang, L., and Yang, F. (2021). Radiomics Predicts for Distant Metastasis in Locally Advanced Human Papillomavirus-Positive Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13225689"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744250","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.744250","article-title":"Radiomic Features Associated With HPV Status on Pretreatment Computed Tomography in Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Inform Clinical Prognosis","volume":"11","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.21037\/qims.2019.03.08","article-title":"Prognostic value of pre-treatment CT texture analysis in combination with change in size of the primary tumor in response to induction chemotherapy for HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"9","author":"Miller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Quant. Imaging Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2334","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A5407","article-title":"CT Texture Analysis Potentially Predicts Local Failure in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treated with Chemoradiotherapy","volume":"38","author":"Kuno","year":"2017","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, T.Y., Lee, J.Y., Lee, Y.J., Park, D.W., Tae, K., and Choi, Y.Y. (2021). CT texture analysis of tonsil cancer: Discrimination from normal palatine tonsils. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0255835"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2978","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-020-04839-2","article-title":"PET\/CT radiomics signature of human papilloma virus association in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"47","author":"Haider","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haider, S.P., Zeevi, T., Baumeister, P., Reichel, C., Sharaf, K., Forghani, R., Kann, B.H., Judson, B.L., Prasad, M.L., and Burtness, B. (2020). Potential Added Value of PET\/CT Radiomics for Survival Prognostication beyond AJCC 8th Edition Staging in Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12071778"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A6756","article-title":"Prediction of Human Papillomavirus Status and Overall Survival in Patients with Untreated Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Development and Validation of CT-Based Radiomics","volume":"41","author":"Choi","year":"2020","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2020.61.10.895","article-title":"Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Lymphoma of the Oropharynx: Differentiation Using a Radiomics Approach","volume":"61","author":"Bae","year":"2020","journal-title":"Yonsei Med. J."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, J.H., Bae, Y.J., Choi, B.S., Jung, Y.H., Jeong, W.J., Kim, H., Sunwoo, L., Jung, C., and Kim, J.H. (2019). Texture Analysis of Multi-Shot Echo-planar Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: The Diagnostic Value for Nodal Metastasis. J. Clin. Med., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8111767"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80597-3","article-title":"Technical feasibility of radiomics signature analyses for improving detection of occult tonsillar cancer","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2017.06.002","article-title":"Computed Tomography Radiomics Predicts HPV Status and Local Tumor Control After Definitive Radiochemotherapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma","volume":"99","author":"Bogowicz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20170498","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20170498","article-title":"Development and validation of a radiomic signature to predict HPV (p16) status from standard CT imaging: A multicenter study","volume":"91","author":"Leijenaar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.26505","article-title":"Clinical variables and magnetic resonance imaging-based radiomics predict human papillomavirus status of oropharyngeal cancer","volume":"43","author":"Bos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6311","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-06962-y","article-title":"Outcome prediction of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by MRI radiomic signatures","volume":"30","author":"Mes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-019-01483-0","article-title":"Predicting survival and local control after radiochemotherapy in locally advanced head and neck cancer by means of computed tomography based radiomics","volume":"195","author":"Cozzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Strahlenther Onkol"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4110","article-title":"MRI texture analysis predicts p53 status in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"36","author":"Dang","year":"2015","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7440","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-021-07758-4","article-title":"Nodal-based radiomics analysis for identifying cervical lymph node metastasis at levels I and II in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma using contrast-enhanced computed tomography","volume":"31","author":"Tomita","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"351","article-title":"Texture Indices of 18F-FDG PET\/CT for Differentiating Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Non-Hodgkin\u2019s Lymphoma of the Oropharynx","volume":"75","author":"Mitamura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Med. Okayama"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.112.119289","article-title":"Textural features of pretreatment 18F-FDG PET\/CT images: Prognostic significance in patients with advanced T-stage oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"54","author":"Cheng","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-014-2933-1","article-title":"Zone-size nonuniformity of 18F-FDG PET regional textural features predicts survival in patients with oropharyngeal cancer","volume":"42","author":"Cheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-017-9686-9","article-title":"The role of human papillomavirus on the prognosis and treatment of oropharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"36","author":"Fung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Metastasis Rev."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.27727","article-title":"An evolution in demographics, treatment, and outcomes of oropharyngeal cancer at a major cancer center: A staging system in need of repair","volume":"119","author":"Dahlstrom","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-019-01125-6","article-title":"A pilot study on the Vanderbilt head and neck symptom survey Italian version (VHNSS-IT) to test its feasibility and utility in routine clinical practice","volume":"125","author":"Maddalo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-019-01105-w","article-title":"The linguistic validation process of the Vanderbilt Head and Neck Symptom Survey\u2014Italian Version (VHNSS-IT)","volume":"125","author":"Maddalo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21388","article-title":"The Eighth Edition AJCC Cancer Staging Manual: Continuing to build a bridge from a population-based to a more \u201cpersonalized\u201d approach to cancer staging","volume":"67","author":"Amin","year":"2017","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yasui, T., Morii, E., Yamamoto, Y., Yoshii, T., Takenaka, Y., Nakahara, S., Todo, T., and Inohara, H. (2014). Human papillomavirus and cystic node metastasis in oropharyngeal cancer and cancer of unknown primary origin. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0095364"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-021-01367-3","article-title":"Multimodality oncologic evaluation of superficial neck and facial lymph nodes","volume":"126","author":"Assadsangabi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.20796","article-title":"Cystic lymph node metastasis in patients with head and neck cancer: An HPV-associated phenomenon","volume":"30","author":"Goldenberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.312105107","article-title":"Oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer: Key imaging findings for staging and treatment planning","volume":"31","author":"Trotta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.15.14550","article-title":"Application of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI Parameters for Differentiating Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Malignant Lymphoma of the Oropharynx","volume":"206","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"AJR Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-021-01376-2","article-title":"Imaging biomarkers in the diagnosis of salivary gland tumors: The value of lesion\/parenchyma ratio of perfusion-MR pharmacokinetic parameters","volume":"126","author":"Mungai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-020-01182-2","article-title":"The role of diffusion-weighted and dynamic contrast enhancement perfusion-weighted imaging in the evaluation of salivary glands neoplasms","volume":"125","author":"Pietragalla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-020-01152-8","article-title":"Differentiation between nasopharyngeal carcinoma and lymphoma at the primary site using whole-tumor histogram analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient maps","volume":"125","author":"Lian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"key":"ref_79","first-page":"1136","article-title":"18F-FDG PET and CT\/MRI in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: A prospective study of 124 patients with histologic correlation","volume":"46","author":"Ng","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-014-0446-4","article-title":"Review of clinical practice utility of positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose in assessing tumour response to therapy","volume":"120","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jensen, D.H., Hedback, N., Specht, L., Hogdall, E., Andersen, E., Therkildsen, M.H., Friis-Hansen, L., Norrild, B., and von Buchwald, C. (2014). Human papillomavirus in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary is a common event and a strong predictor of survival. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0110456"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-020-01260-5","article-title":"Weekly hypofractionated radiation therapy in elderly non-resectable cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region","volume":"126","author":"Musio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-020-01296-7","article-title":"A snapshot on radiotherapy for head and neck cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: A survey of the Italian Association of Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology (AIRO) head and neck working group","volume":"126","author":"Ingargiola","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-021-01362-8","article-title":"Sequential chemo-hypofractionated RT versus concurrent standard CRT for locally advanced NSCLC: GRADE recommendation by the Italian Association of Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology (AIRO)","volume":"126","author":"Merlotti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Head, and Neck Quantitative Imaging Working Group (2018). Investigation of radiomic signatures for local recurrence using primary tumor texture analysis in oropharyngeal head and neck cancer patients. Sci. Rep., 8, 1524.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-14687-0"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2021.105559","article-title":"Prediction of treatment outcome using MRI radiomics and machine learning in oropharyngeal cancer patients after surgical treatment","volume":"122","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oral Oncol."}],"container-title":["Cancers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/14\/10\/2445\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:11:04Z","timestamp":1760137864000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/14\/10\/2445"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["cancers14102445"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers14102445","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]]}}}