{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T18:13:49Z","timestamp":1789409629223,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010425","name":"Tri-Service General Hospital Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TSGH-B-111018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TSGH-B-111018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010425","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: The study aimed to investigate the association between radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment and long-term gastrointestinal disorders including ulcers, atrophic gastritis, and secondary malignant neoplasm of the stomach in patients with thyroid cancer. (2) Methods: The data of the study were extracted from the National Health Insurance Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan between 2000 to 2015. Patients of ages older than 20 with thyroid cancer after thyroidectomy were included and divided into groups with RAI (study cohort) and without RAI (comparison cohort). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis and the Kaplan\u2013Meier method were used for statistical analysis. (3) Results: A total of 7250 (with RAI: 5800, without RAI: 1450) patients were included. The Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a significantly higher cumulative risk for overall gastrointestinal disorders in the group with RAI (log-rank p = 0.034). The risk for gastrointestinal disorders was higher when receiving a cumulative RAI dose higher than 1.11 GBq in the Cox regression analysis. In the subgroup analysis, the risks of gastric and duodenal ulcers are significantly higher in the group with RAI treatment. (4) Conclusions: This study revealed that RAI was associated with an increased risk for long-term gastrointestinal disorders, specifically gastric and duodenal ulcers, in thyroid cancer, especially when the cumulative dose exceeds 1.11 GBq.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14102505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T12:25:57Z","timestamp":1652963157000},"page":"2505","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Radioactive Iodine Treatment for Thyroid Cancer Patients Increases the Risk of Long-Term Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4806-4180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yueh","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4576-9900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chi-Hsiang","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan"},{"name":"Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Fan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuang-Hsin","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Feng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao-Feng","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Yi","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3286-0780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wu-Chien","family":"Chien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan"},{"name":"Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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