{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T02:46:23Z","timestamp":1789613183375,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]],"date-time":"2022-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"a collaboration with Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a common severe complication of advanced lung adenocarcinoma (LAC). Neutrophils, an essential component of tumor infiltrates, contribute to tumor progression and their counts in MPE have been associated with worse outcome in LAC. This study aimed to evaluate phenotypical and functional changes of neutrophils induced by MPE to determine the influence of MPE immunomodulatory factors in neutrophil response and to find a possible association between neutrophil functions and clinical outcomes. Pleural fluid samples were collected from 47 LAC and 25 heart failure (HF) patients. We measured neutrophil degranulation products by ELISA, oxidative burst capacity and apoptosis by flow cytometry, and NETosis by fluorescence. The concentration of degranulation products was higher in MPE-LAC than in PE-HF. Functionally, neutrophils cultured with MPE-LAC had enhanced survival and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation but had reduced oxidative burst capacity. In MPE, NETosis was positively associated with MMP-9, P-selectin, and sPD-L1 and clinically related to a worse outcome. This is the first study associating NETs with a worse outcome in MPE. Neutrophils likely contribute to tumor progression through the release of NETs, suggesting that they are a potential therapeutic target in LAC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14102529","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]],"date-time":"2022-05-20T13:56:12Z","timestamp":1653054972000},"page":"2529","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Influence of Malignant Pleural Fluid from Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients on Neutrophil Response"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Mulet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Inflammatory Diseases, Institut de Recerca de l\u2019Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rub\u00e9n","family":"Osuna-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inflammatory Diseases, Institut de Recerca de l\u2019Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Zamora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inflammatory Diseases, Institut de Recerca de l\u2019Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2734-8061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Porcel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pleural Medicine Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3400-1488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan C.","family":"Nieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inflammatory Diseases, Institut de Recerca de l\u2019Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00eddia","family":"Perea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inflammatory Diseases, Institut de Recerca de l\u2019Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Pajares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pneumology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana M.","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pneumology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuria","family":"Calvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2180-0408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Alba","family":"Sorolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, IRBLleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inflammatory Diseases, Institut de Recerca de l\u2019Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0019-2016","article-title":"Malignant Pleural Effusion: From Bench to Bedside","volume":"25","author":"Psallidas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. 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