{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T09:15:02Z","timestamp":1789550102209,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,30]],"date-time":"2022-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia","award":["1006707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1006707"]}]},{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia","award":["1012141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1012141"]}]},{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","award":["1006707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1006707"]}]},{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","award":["1012141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1012141"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The association between smoking and alcohol consumption and follicular lymphoma (FL) incidence and clinical outcome is uncertain. We conducted a population-based family case-control study (709 cases: 490 controls) in Australia. We assessed lifetime history of smoking and recent alcohol consumption and followed-up cases (median = 83 months). We examined associations with FL risk using unconditional logistic regression and with all-cause and FL-specific mortality of cases using Cox regression. FL risk was associated with ever smoking (OR = 1.38, 95%CI = 1.08\u20131.74), former smoking (OR = 1.36, 95%CI = 1.05\u20131.77), smoking initiation before age 17 (OR = 1.47, 95%CI = 1.06\u20132.05), the highest categories of cigarettes smoked per day (OR = 1.44, 95%CI = 1.04\u20132.01), smoking duration (OR = 1.53, 95%CI = 1.07\u20132.18) and pack-years (OR = 1.56, 95%CI = 1.10\u20132.22). For never smokers, FL risk increased for those exposed indoors to &gt;2 smokers during childhood (OR = 1.84, 95%CI = 1.11\u20133.04). For cases, current smoking and the highest categories of smoking duration and lifetime cigarette exposure were associated with elevated all-cause mortality. The hazard ratio for current smoking and FL-specific mortality was 2.97 (95%CI = 0.91\u20139.72). We found no association between recent alcohol consumption and FL risk, all-cause or FL-specific mortality. Our study showed consistent evidence of an association between smoking and increased FL risk and possibly also FL-specific mortality. Strengthening anti-smoking policies and interventions may reduce the population burden of FL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14112710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T00:25:12Z","timestamp":1653956712000},"page":"2710","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Associations between Smoking and Alcohol and Follicular Lymphoma Incidence and Survival: A Family-Based Case-Control Study in Australia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3612-3702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael K.","family":"Odutola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1570-2852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina T.","family":"van Leeuwen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5550-3375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical Pathology, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park 2113, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Science, Macquarie University, North Ryde 2109, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9356-2015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fiona","family":"Bruinsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne 3004, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2188-6835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John F.","family":"Seymour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne 3052, Australia"},{"name":"Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0058-2448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henry M.","family":"Prince","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia"},{"name":"Epworth Healthcare, Richmond 3121, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel T.","family":"Milliken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Vincent\u2019s Hospital, Sydney 2010, Australia"},{"name":"University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Trotman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord 2139, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Concord 2139, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Verner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord 2139, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Concord 2139, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Campbell","family":"Tiley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gosford Hospital, Gosford 2250, Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Roncolato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia"},{"name":"St. George Hospital, Kogarah 2217, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig R.","family":"Underhill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rural Medical School, Albury 2640, Australia"},{"name":"Border Medical Oncology Research Unit, Albury 2640, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0308-6458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen S.","family":"Opat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Haematology, Monash Health and Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Harvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool 2170, Australia"},{"name":"Western Sydney University, Sydney 2000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Hertzberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Haematology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney 2031, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geza","family":"Benke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4946-9099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Graham G.","family":"Giles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne 3004, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia"},{"name":"Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire M.","family":"Vajdic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia"},{"name":"Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1080\/02841860500531682","article-title":"Epidemiology and etiology of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: A review","volume":"45","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Oncol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e359","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(18)30090-5","article-title":"Rituximab and the risk 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