{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T14:16:25Z","timestamp":1785161785139,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]],"date-time":"2022-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"Ministry of Science, ICT through The National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020R1I1A1A01067212"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1I1A1A01067212"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"Ministry of Science, ICT through The National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021R1A2C1005395"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1A2C1005395"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"Ministry of Science, ICT through The National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021M3E5D9021902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021M3E5D9021902"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Studies in targeting metabolism in cancer cells have shown the flexibility of cells in reprogramming their pathways away from a given metabolic block. Such behavior prompts a combination drug approach in targeting cancer metabolism, as a single compound may not address the tumor intractability. Overall, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling has been implicated as enabling metabolic escape in the case of a glycolysis block. From a library of compounds, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor ponatinib was screened to provide optimal reduction in metabolic activity in the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), pyruvate, and lactate for multiple myeloma cells; however, these cells displayed increasing levels of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), enabling them to continue generating ATP, although at a slower pace. The combination of ponatinib with the mTORC1 inhibitor, sirolimus, blocked OXPHOS; an effect also manifested in activity reductions for hexokinase 2 (HK2) and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) glycolysis enzymes. There were also remarkably higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in mouse xenografts, on par with increased glycolytic block. The combination of ponatinib and sirolimus resulted in synergistic inhibition of tumor xenografts with no overt toxicity in treated mice for kidney and liver function or maintaining weight.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14112766","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]],"date-time":"2022-06-02T11:05:02Z","timestamp":1654167902000},"page":"2766","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["mTORC1-Inhibition Potentiating Metabolic Block by Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Ponatinib in Multiple Myeloma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Uddin Md.","family":"Nazim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6638-6311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kausik","family":"Bishayee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jieun","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongkwan","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6019-6450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung-Oh","family":"Huh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Sadra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1160809","article-title":"Understanding the Warburg effect: The metabolic requirements of cell proliferation","volume":"324","author":"Cantley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6479","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-09-0889","article-title":"MYC-induced cancer cell energy metabolism and therapeutic opportunities","volume":"15","author":"Dang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. 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