{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T03:23:27Z","timestamp":1762053807839,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]],"date-time":"2022-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs through the Breast Cancer Research Program","award":["W81XWH-16-1-0027","BC150021","PICT-2018-01403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-16-1-0027","BC150021","PICT-2018-01403"]}]},{"name":"CMA and the Argentine National Agency of Scientific and Technological Promotion","award":["W81XWH-16-1-0027","BC150021","PICT-2018-01403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-16-1-0027","BC150021","PICT-2018-01403"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Long non-coding RNAs are increasingly being recognized as cancer biomarkers in various malignancies, acting as either tumor suppressors or oncogenes. The long non-coding MALINC1 intergenic RNA was identified as significantly upregulated in breast ductal carcinoma in situ. The aim of this study was to characterize MALINC1 expression, localization, and phenotypic and molecular effects in non-invasive and invasive breast cancer cells. We determined that MALINC1 is an estrogen\u2013estrogen receptor-modulated lncRNA enriched in the cytoplasmic fraction of luminal A\/B breast cancer cells that is associated with worse overall survival in patients with primary invasive breast carcinomas. Transcriptomic studies in normal and DCIS cells identified the main signaling pathways modulated by MALINC1, which mainly involve bioprocesses related to innate and adaptive immune responses, extracellular matrix remodeling, cell adhesion, and activation of AP-1 signaling pathway. We determined that MALINC1 induces premalignant phenotypic changes by increasing cell migration in normal breast cells. Moreover, high MALINC1 expression in invasive carcinomas was associated with a pro-tumorigenic immune environment and a favorable predicted response to immunotherapy both in luminal and basal-like subtypes compared with low-MALINC1-expression tumors. We conclude that MALINC1 behaves as an oncogenic and immune-related lncRNA involved with early-stage breast cancer progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14122819","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]],"date-time":"2022-06-09T10:49:14Z","timestamp":1654771754000},"page":"2819","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["MALINC1 an Immune-Related Long Non-Coding RNA Associated with Early-Stage Breast Cancer Progression"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda Laura","family":"Fabre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones Inmunol\u00f3gicas B\u00e1sicas y Aplicadas (CINIBA), Facultad de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1648-206X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romina","family":"Canzoneri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones Inmunol\u00f3gicas B\u00e1sicas y Aplicadas (CINIBA), Facultad de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agustina","family":"Gurruchaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones Inmunol\u00f3gicas B\u00e1sicas y Aplicadas (CINIBA), Facultad de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaeho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pradeep","family":"Tatineni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyunsuk","family":"Kil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ezequiel","family":"Lacunza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones Inmunol\u00f3gicas B\u00e1sicas y Aplicadas (CINIBA), Facultad de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2453-2939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C. Marcelo","family":"Aldaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mart\u00edn Carlos","family":"Abba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones Inmunol\u00f3gicas B\u00e1sicas y Aplicadas (CINIBA), Facultad de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Wild, C. (2022, February 15). IARC Publications Website. Available online: http:\/\/publications.iarc.fr\/586."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2022, March 23). Invasive Breast Cancer (IDC\/ILC). 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