{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T05:55:26Z","timestamp":1790834126638,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":150,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,18]],"date-time":"2022-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Partnering Opportunity for Translational Research Projects Award from the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine","award":["TRAN1-12250"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TRAN1-12250"]}]},{"name":"Partnering Opportunity for Translational Research Projects Award from the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine","award":["T32-AI007323"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32-AI007323"]}]},{"name":"UCLA BSCRC Innovation Award","award":["TRAN1-12250"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TRAN1-12250"]}]},{"name":"UCLA BSCRC Innovation Award","award":["T32-AI007323"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32-AI007323"]}]},{"name":"Ablon Scholars Award","award":["TRAN1-12250"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TRAN1-12250"]}]},{"name":"Ablon Scholars Award","award":["T32-AI007323"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32-AI007323"]}]},{"name":"T32 Microbial Pathogenesis Training Grant (Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award)","award":["TRAN1-12250"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TRAN1-12250"]}]},{"name":"T32 Microbial Pathogenesis Training Grant (Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award)","award":["T32-AI007323"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32-AI007323"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gamma delta (\u03b3\u03b4) T cells are a minor population of T cells that share adaptive and innate immune properties. In contrast to MHC-restricted alpha beta (\u03b1\u03b2) T cells, \u03b3\u03b4 T cells are activated in an MHC-independent manner, making them ideal candidates for developing allogeneic, off-the-shelf cell-based immunotherapies. As the field of cancer immunotherapy progresses rapidly, different subsets of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells have been explored. In addition, \u03b3\u03b4 T cells can be engineered using different gene editing technologies that augment their tumor recognition abilities and antitumor functions. In this review, we outline the unique features of different subsets of human \u03b3\u03b4 T cells and their antitumor properties. We also summarize the past and the ongoing pre-clinical studies and clinical trials utilizing \u03b3\u03b4 T cell-based cancer immunotherapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14123005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,18]],"date-time":"2022-06-18T09:51:11Z","timestamp":1655545871000},"page":"3005","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Human \u03b3\u03b4 T Cell Subsets and Their Clinical Applications for Cancer Immunotherapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Derek","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"},{"name":"Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl J.","family":"Rosenthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie E.","family":"Penn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2500-6006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zachary Spencer","family":"Dunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"},{"name":"Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4826-7233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"},{"name":"Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"},{"name":"Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"},{"name":"Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"},{"name":"Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-020-02128-1","article-title":"CAR T cells in solid tumors: Challenges and opportunities","volume":"12","author":"Marofi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. 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