{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T13:57:37Z","timestamp":1791640657487,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,26]],"date-time":"2022-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) and Taiwan Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW)","award":["MOST 109-2321-B-006-011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 109-2321-B-006-011"]}]},{"name":"Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) and Taiwan Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW)","award":["MOST 110-2321-B-006-005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 110-2321-B-006-005"]}]},{"name":"Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) and Taiwan Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW)","award":["MOST 110-2745-B-006-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 110-2745-B-006-001"]}]},{"name":"Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) and Taiwan Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW)","award":["MOST 110-2327-B-037-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 110-2327-B-037-001"]}]},{"name":"Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) and Taiwan Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW)","award":["MOST 110-2813-C-006-035-B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 110-2813-C-006-035-B"]}]},{"name":"Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) and Taiwan Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW)","award":["MOHW110-TDU-B-212-144026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOHW110-TDU-B-212-144026"]}]},{"name":"Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) and Taiwan Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW)","award":["MOHW111-TDU-B-221-014015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOHW111-TDU-B-221-014015"]}]},{"name":"Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) and Taiwan Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW)","award":["MOHW111-TDU-B-211-134003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOHW111-TDU-B-211-134003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pancreatic cancer (PC) has the highest frequency of developing cancer cachexia (CC)\u2013sarcopenia (SC) syndrome, which negatively influences patients\u2019 outcome, quality of life, and tolerance\/response to treatments. However, the clinical impacts of CC, SC, and their associated factors on outcomes for advanced PC has yet to be fully investigated. A total of 232 patients were enrolled in this study for the retrospective review of their clinical information and the measurement of skeletal muscle areas at the third lumber vertebra by computed tomography scan to identify CC or SC. The association and concurrent occurrence of clinicopathological features in each patient, prevalence rates, and prognosis with the CC or SC were calculated. CC and SC were observed in 83.6% (n = 194) and 49.1% (n = 114) of PC patients, respectively. Low hemoglobin levels more often occurred in CC patients than in non-CC patients (p = 0.014). Older age (p = 0.000), female gender (p = 0.024), low body mass index (BMI) values (p = 0.004), low hemoglobin levels (p = 0.036), and low albumin levels (p = 0.001) were more often found in SC patients than in non-SC patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that CC was an independent poor prognostic factor of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival for all patients, the chemotherapy (C\/T) subgroup, and the high BMI subgroup. Meanwhile, SC was an independent predictor of poor OS for the subgroups of C\/T or high BMI but not for all patients. These findings reveal the clinical differences for CC and SC and provide useful information for predicting the prognosis of advanced PC patients and conducting personalized medicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14133137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,26]],"date-time":"2022-06-26T21:01:41Z","timestamp":1656277301000},"page":"3137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["The Differential Clinical Impacts of Cachexia and Sarcopenia on the Prognosis of Advanced Pancreatic Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ya-Chin","family":"Hou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medical Research, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chien-Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5503-9266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chien-Jui","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7625-2891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chih-Jung","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-Jui","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nai-Jung","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao-Chen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui-Ling","family":"Tung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsiao-Chun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medical Research, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2457-5189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan-Shen","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, 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