{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:59:34Z","timestamp":1787065174663,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]],"date-time":"2022-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Definitive radiochemotherapy is the treatment of choice for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Due to the vicinity of the nasopharynx to the inner ear and the use of ototoxic platinum-based chemotherapy, there is a risk for irreversible damage to the auditory system. To avoid or minimize these critical side effects, radiation exposure to each inner ear must be balanced between target volume coverage and toxicity. However, normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models of the inner ear validated by clinical data are rare. Patients and Methods: This retrospective study investigates the inner ear toxicity of 46 patients who received radio(chemo-)therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma at our institution from 2004 to 2021 according to CTCAE 5.0 criteria. For each inner ear, the mean (Dmean) and maximum (Dmax) dose in Gray (Gy) was evaluated and correlated with clinical toxicity data. Based on the data, an NTCP model and a cutoff dose logistic regression model (CDLR) were created. Results: In 11 patients (23.9%) hearing impairment and\/or tinnitus was observed as a possible therapy-associated toxicity. Dmean was between 15\u201360 Gy, whereas Dmax was between 30\u201375 Gy. There was a dose-dependent, sigmoidal relation between inner ear dose and toxicity. A Dmean of 44 Gy and 65 Gy was associated with inner ear damage in 25% and 50% of patients, respectively. The maximum curve slope (m) was found at 50% and is m=0.013. The Dmax values showed a 25% and 50% complication probability at 58 Gy and 69 Gy, respectively, and a maximum slope of the sigmoid curve at 50% with m=0.025. Conclusion: There is a sigmoidal relation between radiation dose and incidence of inner ear toxicities. Dose constraints for the inner ear of &lt;44 Gy (Dmean) or &lt;58 Gy (Dmax) are suggested to limit the probability of inner ear toxicity &lt;25%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14143422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]],"date-time":"2022-07-15T00:17:10Z","timestamp":1657844230000},"page":"3422","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Definition of an Normal Tissue Complication Probability Model for the Inner Ear in Definitive Radiochemotherapy of Nasopharynx Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Leonie","family":"Peuker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of M\u00fcnster, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7733-6854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Rolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of M\u00fcnster, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2786-7013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Oertel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of M\u00fcnster, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Peuker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Flight Guidance, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergiu","family":"Scobioala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of M\u00fcnster, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5131-1859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominik","family":"Hering","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of M\u00fcnster, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Rudack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of M\u00fcnster, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"Haverkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of M\u00fcnster, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans Theodor","family":"Eich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of M\u00fcnster, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-06-0353","article-title":"The Enigmatic Epidemiology of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma","volume":"15","author":"Chang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. 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