{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T05:53:19Z","timestamp":1762062799210,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":154,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]],"date-time":"2022-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas are one of the world\u2019s deadliest cancers. Cancer stem cells and the tissue microenvironment are highly regulated by cell and molecular mechanisms. Cancer stem cells are essential for maintenance and progression and are associated with resistance to conventional treatments. This article reviews the current knowledge of the role of the microenvironment during the primary establishment of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas in the stomach, colon, and rectum and its relationship with cancer stem cells. We also describe novel developments in cancer therapeutics, such as targeted therapy, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different treatments for improving gastrointestinal cancer prognosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14163948","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]],"date-time":"2022-08-16T23:44:25Z","timestamp":1660693465000},"page":"3948","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cancer Stem Cells in Tumor Microenvironment of Adenocarcinoma of the Stomach, Colon, and Rectum"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0337-9912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose Francisco","family":"Islas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriana G.","family":"Quiroz-Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulina","family":"Delgado-Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hector","family":"Franco-Villarreal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Althian Clinical Research, Monterrey 64000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan Luis","family":"Delgado-Gallegos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1042-4603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elsa N.","family":"Garza-Trevi\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos A.","family":"Gonzalez-Villarreal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UDEM Vicerrectoria de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza Garc\u00eda 66238, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-019-0699-4","article-title":"Tumor stem-like cell-derived exosomal RNAs prime neutrophils for facilitating tumorigenesis of colon cancer","volume":"12","author":"Hwang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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