{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T19:52:50Z","timestamp":1782762770237,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]],"date-time":"2022-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Health"},{"name":"IRCSS Burlo Garofolo"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In ovarian cancer, ascites represent the microenvironment in which the platelets extravasate to play their role in the disease progression. We aimed to develop an assay to measure ascites\u2019 platelet activation. We enriched small extracellular vesicles (EVs) (40\u2013200 nm) from ascites of high-grade epithelial ovarian cancer patients (n = 12) using precipitation with polyethylene glycol, and we conducted single-particle phenotyping analysis by nano-flow cytometry after labelling and ultra-centrifugation. Atomic force microscopy single-particle nanomechanical analysis showed heterogeneous distributions in the size of the precipitated particles and their mechanical stiffness. Samples were fluorescently labelled with antibodies specific to the platelet markers GPIIb\/IIIa and PF4, showing 2.6 to 18.16% of all particles stained positive for the biomarkers and, simultaneously, the EV membrane labelling. Single-particle phenotyping analysis allowed us to quantify the total number of non-EV particles, the number of small-EVs and the number of platelet-derived small-EVs, providing a platelet activation assessment independent of the ascites volume. The percentage of platelet-derived small-EVs was positively correlated with platelet distribution width to platelet count in sera (PDW\/PLT). Overall, we presented a high-throughput method that can be helpful in future studies to determine the correlation between the extent of platelet activation in ascites and disease status.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14174100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]],"date-time":"2022-08-24T21:03:51Z","timestamp":1661375031000},"page":"4100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Platelet Activation in Ovarian Cancer Ascites: Assessment of GPIIb\/IIIa and PF4 in Small Extracellular Vesicles by Nano-Flow Cytometry Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Barbara","family":"Bortot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7910-1274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Mangogna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7823-8719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ben","family":"Peacock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NanoFCM Co., Ltd., MediCity, Nottingham NG90 6BH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Lees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NanoFCM Co., Ltd., MediCity, Nottingham NG90 6BH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5793-7206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Valle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consorzio per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy"},{"name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (CNRISMN), 40129 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7244-4389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Brucale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consorzio per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy"},{"name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (CNRISMN), 40129 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Tassinari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consorzio per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy"},{"name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (CNRISMN), 40129 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2157-8330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Romano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8031-1102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2257-2053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Biffi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2016.113","article-title":"The Disparate Origins of Ovarian Cancers: Pathogenesis and Prevention Strategies","volume":"17","author":"Karnezis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. 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