{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T17:18:14Z","timestamp":1774286294984,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82072607"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82072607"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81871975"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81871975"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["210616086490125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["210616086490125"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021ZDZX2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZDZX2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Shantou","award":["82072607"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82072607"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Shantou","award":["81871975"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81871975"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Shantou","award":["210616086490125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["210616086490125"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Shantou","award":["2021ZDZX2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZDZX2023"]}]},{"name":"Special Grant for Key Area Programs of Guangdong Department of Education","award":["82072607"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82072607"]}]},{"name":"Special Grant for Key Area Programs of Guangdong Department of Education","award":["81871975"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81871975"]}]},{"name":"Special Grant for Key Area Programs of Guangdong Department of Education","award":["210616086490125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["210616086490125"]}]},{"name":"Special Grant for Key Area Programs of Guangdong Department of Education","award":["2021ZDZX2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZDZX2023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We investigated the associations between multiple serum trace element levels and risk for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). A total of 185 ESCC patients and 191 healthy individuals were recruited in our study. The concentration of 13 trace elements (Al, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Cd and Pb) in serum was determined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Logistic regression and the Probit extension of Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) models was established to explore the associations and the cumulative and mixed effects of multiple trace elements on ESCC. Three elements (Zn, Se and Sr) displayed a negative trend with risk for ESCC, and a significant overall effect of the mixture of Al, V, Mn, Ni, Zn, Se and Sr on ESCC was found, with the effects of V, Ni and Sr being nonlinear. Bivariate exposure\u2013response interactions among these trace elements indicated a synergistic effect between Zn and Se, and an impactful difference of V combined with Ni, Sr or Zn. Our results indicate that Ni, V, Al, Mn, Zn, Se and Sr are associated with ESCC risk, providing additional evidence of the complex effects of trace elements disorder during the etiology of EC development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14174239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T23:53:21Z","timestamp":1661990001000},"page":"4239","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Association between Serum Level of Multiple Trace Elements and Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Risk: A Case\u2013Control Study in China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jingbing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anyan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515065, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kexin","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaosheng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Management Center, The People\u2019s Hospital of Jieyang, Jieyang 522000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fulan","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5163-2524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kusheng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shukai","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, and Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5473-4315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caixia","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00419-3","article-title":"Global burden and epidemiology of Barrett oesophagus and oesophageal cancer","volume":"18","author":"Thrift","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. 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