{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T02:02:27Z","timestamp":1792116147855,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":147,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]],"date-time":"2022-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology","award":["SKLVEB2020KFKT001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLVEB2020KFKT001"]}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology","award":["2018B030322003KF03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018B030322003KF03"]}]},{"name":"CAAS","award":["SKLVEB2020KFKT001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLVEB2020KFKT001"]}]},{"name":"CAAS","award":["2018B030322003KF03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018B030322003KF03"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translation Research of Hakka Population","award":["SKLVEB2020KFKT001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLVEB2020KFKT001"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translation Research of Hakka Population","award":["2018B030322003KF03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018B030322003KF03"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells eliminate target cells through the release of lytic granules and Fas ligand (FasL)-induced target cell apoptosis. The introduction of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) makes these two types of cells selective and effective in killing cancer cells. The success of CAR-T therapy in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and other types of blood cancers proved that the immunotherapy is an effective approach in fighting against cancers, yet adverse effects, such as graft versus host disease (GvHD) and cytokine release syndrome (CRS), cannot be ignored for the CAR-T therapy. CAR-NK therapy, then, has its advantage in lacking these adverse effects and works as effective as CAR-T in terms of killing. Despite these, NK cells are known to be hard to transduce, expand in vitro, and sustain shorter in vivo comparing to infiltrated T cells. Moreover, CAR-NK therapy faces challenges as CAR-T therapy does, e.g., the time, the cost, and the potential biohazard due to the use of animal-derived products. Thus, enormous efforts are needed to develop safe, effective, and large-scalable protocols for obtaining CAR-NK cells. Here, we reviewed current progress of CAR-NK therapy, including its biological properties, CAR compositions, preparation of CAR-NK cells, and clinical progresses. We also discussed safety issues raised from genetic engineering. We hope this review is instructive to the research community and a broad range of readers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14174318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T20:48:25Z","timestamp":1662410905000},"page":"4318","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Current Progress of CAR-NK Therapy in Cancer Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Zhaojun","family":"Pang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"},{"name":"Tianjin University and Health-Biotech United Group Joint Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"},{"name":"Tianjin University and Health-Biotech United Group Joint Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1670-6062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fengqi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"},{"name":"Tianjin University and Health-Biotech United Group Joint Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunjing","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin University and Health-Biotech United Group Joint Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"},{"name":"Health-Biotech Group Stem Cell Research Institute, Tianjin 301799, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1022-1259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"},{"name":"Tianjin University and Health-Biotech United Group Joint Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.01.007","article-title":"Human T Cell Development, Localization, and Function throughout Life","volume":"48","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-019-0153-5","article-title":"\u0393\u03b4 T Cells: Pleiotropic Immune Effectors with Therapeutic Potential in Cancer","volume":"19","author":"Mensurado","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. 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