{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T09:04:16Z","timestamp":1785315856944,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]],"date-time":"2022-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"TRANSCAN-2","award":["2014-121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014-121"]}]},{"name":"German Research Foundation (DFG) and the Open Access Publication Fund of Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin","award":["2014-121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014-121"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>RGS2 regulates G-protein signaling by accelerating hydrolysis of GTP and has been identified as a potentially druggable target in carcinomas. Since the prognosis of patients with high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) remains utterly poor, new therapeutic options are urgently needed. Previous in vitro studies have linked RGS2 suppression to chemoresistance in HGSOC, but in situ data are still missing. In this study, we characterized the expression of RGS2 and its relation to prognosis in HGSOC on the protein level by immunohistochemistry in 519 patients treated at Charit\u00e9, on the mRNA level in 299 cases from TCGA and on the single-cell level in 19 cases from publicly available datasets. We found that RGS2 is barely detectable on the mRNA level in both bulk tissue (median 8.2. normalized mRNA reads) and single-cell data (median 0 normalized counts), but variably present on the protein level (median 34.5% positive tumor cells, moderate\/strong expression in approximately 50% of samples). Interestingly, low expression of RGS2 had a negative impact on overall survival (p = 0.037) and progression-free survival (p = 0.058) on the protein level in lower FIGO stages and in the absence of residual tumor burden. A similar trend was detected on the mRNA level. Our results indicated a significant prognostic impact of RGS2 protein suppression in HGSOC. Due to diverging expression patterns of RGS2 on mRNA and protein levels, posttranslational modification of RGS2 is likely. Our findings warrant further research to unravel the functional role of RGS2 in HGSOC, especially in the light of new drug discovery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14194620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,25]],"date-time":"2022-09-25T21:14:28Z","timestamp":1664140468000},"page":"4620","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Low Expression of RGS2 Promotes Poor Prognosis in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5484-1321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jana","family":"Ihlow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Charit\u00e9platz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanna","family":"Monj\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Charit\u00e9platz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5394-3844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inga","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Charit\u00e9platz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4442-7116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip","family":"Bischoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Charit\u00e9platz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Berlin Institute of Health at Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Charit\u00e9platz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno Valentin","family":"Sinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Charit\u00e9platz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7870-138X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wolfgang Daniel","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Charit\u00e9platz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catarina Alisa","family":"Kunze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Charit\u00e9platz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvia","family":"Darb-Esfahani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Berlin-Spandau, Stadtrandstra\u00dfe 555, 13589 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4367-289X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hagen","family":"Kulbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology with Center of Oncological Surgery, European Competence Center for Ovarian Cancer, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Campus Virchow-Clinic, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Tumorbank Ovarian Cancer Network, Berlin Institute of Health, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Campus Virchow-Clinic, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena Ioana","family":"Braicu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology with Center of Oncological Surgery, European Competence Center for Ovarian Cancer, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Campus Virchow-Clinic, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Tumorbank Ovarian Cancer Network, Berlin Institute of Health, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Campus Virchow-Clinic, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5963-6623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jalid","family":"Sehouli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology with Center of Oncological Surgery, European Competence Center for Ovarian Cancer, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Campus Virchow-Clinic, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Tumorbank Ovarian Cancer Network, Berlin Institute of Health, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Campus Virchow-Clinic, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Denkert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstra\u00dfe, 35043 Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Horst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Charit\u00e9platz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3041-694X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eliane Tabea","family":"Taube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Charit\u00e9platz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14389","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.26.14389","article-title":"RGS2\/G0S8 is a selective inhibitor of Gqalpha function","volume":"94","author":"Heximer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. 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