{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T07:16:59Z","timestamp":1775891819350,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]],"date-time":"2022-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Most pivotal clinical trials in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have excluded patients with poor performance status (PS), and data on the efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy have not been fully accumulated. For NSCLC patients with PS 2 and without druggable genetic alterations, monotherapy with cytotoxic agents or carboplatin-based combination therapy is usually administered based on the results of several randomized trials. However, the evidence of cytotoxic chemotherapy for patients with PS 2 is insufficient, with limited efficacy and toxicity concerns. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a promising treatment for patients with PS 2 because of lower incidence of severe toxicity compared to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Meanwhile, several reports suggest that anti-PD-1 antibodies monotherapy is less effective for patients with PS 2, especially for those with PS 2 caused by disease burden. Although the combination therapy of nivolumab and ipilimumab is a promising treatment option, there is a divergence in efficacy data between clinical trials. The standard of care for advanced NSCLC with PS 2 has not been established, and future therapeutic strategies should take into account the heterogeneity of the PS 2 population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14194861","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]],"date-time":"2022-10-08T00:07:43Z","timestamp":1665187663000},"page":"4861","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Pharmacotherapy for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Performance Status 2 without Druggable Gene Alterations: Could Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Be a Game Changer?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5203-7911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satoshi","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, 6-16-1, Tomioka-higashi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0051, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4047-2929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tateaki","family":"Naito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Thoracic Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007, Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Shizuoka 411-8777, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7868-6661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satoru","family":"Miura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, 2-15-3, Kawagishi-cho, Chuo-Ku, Niigata 951-8566, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kentaro","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Center, Matsusaka Municipal Hospital, 1550, Tonomachi, Matsusaka 515-0073, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7162-5946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoki","family":"Furuya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8339-2895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshihiro","family":"Misumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Data Science, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8577, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Ogura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, 6-16-1, Tomioka-higashi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0051, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terufumi","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2, Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama 241-8515, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181d2dcd9","article-title":"Performance status and smoking status are independent favorable prognostic factors for survival in non-small cell lung cancer: A comprehensive analysis of 26,957 patients with NSCLC","volume":"5","author":"Kawaguchi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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