{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:35:46Z","timestamp":1787027746549,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":222,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]],"date-time":"2022-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this review is to highlight mechanisms of immunosuppression for each agent, along with pooled analyses of infectious complications from the available medical literature. Rituximab confers no increase in grade \u22653 infectious risks, except in the case of patients with advanced-stage non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin links with high rates of grade \u22653 infections which, however, are comparable with historical cohorts. Pembrolizumab exhibits a favorable safety profile in terms of severe infections. Despite high rates of hypogammaglobulinemia (HGG) with blinatumomab, low-grade \u22653 infection rates were observed, especially in the post-reinduction therapy of relapsed B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Imatinib and nilotinib are generally devoid of severe infectious complications, but dasatinib may slightly increase the risk of opportunistic infections. Data on crizotinib and pan-Trk inhibitors entrectinib and larotrectinib are limited. CAR T-cell therapy with tisagenlecleucel is associated with grade \u22653 infections in children and is linked with HGG and the emergence of immune-related adverse events. Off-label therapies inotuzumab ozogamicin, brentuximab vedotin, and venetoclax demonstrate low rates of treatment-related grade \u22653 infections, while the addition of bortezomib to standard chemotherapy in T-cell malignancies seems to decrease the infection risk during induction. Prophylaxis, immune reconstitution, and vaccinations for each targeted agent are discussed, along with comparisons to adult studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14205022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,16]],"date-time":"2022-10-16T21:10:10Z","timestamp":1665954610000},"page":"5022","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Infectious Complications of Targeted Therapies in Children with Leukemias and Lymphomas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8153-9643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis","family":"Kyriakidis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology & Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, University Hospital of Heraklion & Laboratory of Blood Diseases and Childhood Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7837-9733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elpis","family":"Mantadakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Hematology\/Oncology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3343-5110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eftichia","family":"Stiakaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology & Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, University Hospital of Heraklion & Laboratory of Blood Diseases and Childhood Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1188-393X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas H.","family":"Groll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Research Program, Center for Bone Marrow Transplantation and Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children\u2019s Hospital M\u00fcnster, D-48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4294-2605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Athanasios","family":"Tragiannidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric and Adolescent Hematology-Oncology Unit, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martens, U. 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