{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T14:56:13Z","timestamp":1793976973942,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]],"date-time":"2022-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT)","award":["Decreto Dirigenziale Regione Toscana n. 5254 of 04\/12\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Decreto Dirigenziale Regione Toscana n. 5254 of 04\/12\/2013"]}]},{"name":"Fondazione Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC) fellowship for Italy","award":["Decreto Dirigenziale Regione Toscana n. 5254 of 04\/12\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Decreto Dirigenziale Regione Toscana n. 5254 of 04\/12\/2013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The understanding of the molecular mechanisms leading to melanoma dissemination is urgently needed in view of the identification of new targets and the development of innovative strategies to improve patients\u2019 outcomes. Within the complexity of tumor intercellular communications leading to metastatic dissemination, extracellular vesicles (EV) released by tumor cells are central players. Indeed, the ability to travel through the circulatory system conveying oncogenic bioactive molecules even at distant sites makes EV capable of modulating recipient cells to facilitate metastatic dissemination. The dynamic remodeling of the tumor microenvironment might influence, along with a number of other events, tumoral EV release. We observed that, in melanoma, extracellular acidosis increases the release of EV enriched in miR-214, an onco-miRNA involved in melanoma metastasis. Then, miR-214-enriched EV were found to induce a state of macrophage activation, leading to an overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide. Such an inflammatory microenvironment was able to alter the endothelial cell permeability, thereby facilitating the trans-endothelial migration of melanoma cells, a crucial step in the metastatic cascade. The use of synthetic miR-214 inhibitors and miR-214 overexpression allowed us to demonstrate the key role of miR-214 in the EV-dependent induction of macrophage activation. Overall, our in vitro study reveals that the release of tumor miR-214-enriched EV, potentiated by adapting tumor cells to extracellular acidosis, drives a macrophage-dependent trans-endothelial migration of melanoma cells. This finding points to miR-214 as a potential new therapeutic target to prevent melanoma intravasation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14205090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]],"date-time":"2022-10-18T21:18:02Z","timestamp":1666127882000},"page":"5090","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["miR-214-Enriched Extracellular Vesicles Released by Acid-Adapted Melanoma Cells Promote Inflammatory Macrophage-Dependent Tumor Trans-Endothelial Migration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3980-3073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Andreucci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences \u201cMario Serio\u201d, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Ruzzolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences \u201cMario Serio\u201d, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5839-4298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Bianchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences \u201cMario Serio\u201d, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giampaolo","family":"Versienti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences \u201cMario Serio\u201d, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6193-7417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessio","family":"Biagioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences \u201cMario Serio\u201d, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8528-4094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Lulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences \u201cMario Serio\u201d, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Guasti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2374-5147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrizia","family":"Nardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4015-5205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona","family":"Serrat\u00ec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nanotecnology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori \u201cGiovanni Paolo II\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Margheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences \u201cMario Serio\u201d, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8745-3808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Laurenzana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences \u201cMario Serio\u201d, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3190-3539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Nediani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences \u201cMario Serio\u201d, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6459-0458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Peppicelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical 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