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Therefore, HSPs are highly expressed in tumor cells, including malignant brain tumors, where they also associate with cancer cell invasion, metastasis, and resistance to radiochemotherapy. In the current review, we aimed to assess the diagnostic and prognostic values of HSPs expression in CNS malignancies as well as the novel treatment approaches to modulate the chaperone levels through the application of inhibitors (as monotherapy or in combination with other treatment modalities). Indeed, for several proteins (i.e., HSP10, HSPB1, DNAJC10, HSPA7, HSP90), a direct correlation between the protein level expression and poor overall survival prognosis for patients was demonstrated that provides a possibility to employ them as prognostic markers in neuro-oncology. Although small molecular inhibitors for HSPs, particularly for HSP27, HSP70, and HSP90 families, were studied in various solid and hematological malignancies demonstrating therapeutic potential, still their potential was not yet fully explored in CNS tumors. Some newly synthesized agents (e.g., HSP40\/DNAJ inhibitors) have not yet been evaluated in GBM. Nevertheless, reported preclinical studies provide evidence and rationale for the application of HSPs inhibitors for targeting brain tumors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14215435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]],"date-time":"2022-11-04T05:54:46Z","timestamp":1667541286000},"page":"5435","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Targeting Heat Shock Proteins in Malignant Brain Tumors: From Basic Research to Clinical Trials"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2726-6955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aisha","family":"Babi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Neurosurgery, Turan Ave., 34\/1, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karashash","family":"Menlibayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Neurosurgery, Turan Ave., 34\/1, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torekhan","family":"Bex","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Neurosurgery, Turan Ave., 34\/1, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aidos","family":"Doskaliev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Neurosurgery, Turan Ave., 34\/1, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serik","family":"Akshulakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Neurosurgery, Turan Ave., 34\/1, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxim","family":"Shevtsov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Biomedical Nanotechnologies, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21654","article-title":"Cancer Statistics, 2021","volume":"71","author":"Siegel","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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