{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T05:09:16Z","timestamp":1785474556618,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,5]],"date-time":"2022-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Immune checkpoint inhibitors are a class of cancer treatment drugs that stimulate the immune system\u2019s ability to fight tumor cells. These drugs are monoclonal antibodies targeting im-mune-inhibiting proteins on cancer cells, such as CTLA-4 and PD-1\/PD-L1. Immune checkpoint inhibitors cause many immune-related adverse events. Cutaneous toxicities are of the most common adverse effects and occur with a range of severity. Bullous Pemphigoid is a rare adverse event with a high impact on quality of life that may occur after immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment. In this article, we investigate current research on immune checkpoint inhibitors, cutaneous adverse events, and common presentations and treatments, with a specific focus on Bullous Pemphigoid, its characteristics, onset timing, and treatment. Significant findings include a negative skew in the onset of presentation. Furthermore, we describe exclusive cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14215451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]],"date-time":"2022-11-07T02:43:51Z","timestamp":1667789031000},"page":"5451","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["A Retrospective, Single-Institution Experience of Bullous Pemphigoid as an Adverse Effect of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7570-4550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walid","family":"Shalata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Legacy Heritage Center & Dr. Larry Norton Institute, Soroka Medical Center and Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Weissmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School for International Health, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sapir","family":"Itzhaki Gabay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Soroka Medical Center and Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Sheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Legacy Heritage Center & Dr. Larry Norton Institute, Soroka Medical Center and Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Abu Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Emek Medical Centre, Afula 18341, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashraf Abu","family":"Jama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Legacy Heritage Center & Dr. Larry Norton Institute, Soroka Medical Center and Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Yakobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Legacy Heritage Center & Dr. Larry Norton Institute, Soroka Medical Center and Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keren","family":"Rouvinov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Legacy Heritage Center & Dr. Larry Norton Institute, Soroka Medical Center and Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000247","DOI":"10.1136\/esmoopen-2017-000247","article-title":"Cardiotoxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"2","author":"Varricchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"ESMO Open"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-021-00574-0","article-title":"Theme: Identification and Implementation of Predictive Biomarkers for Checkpoint Targeted Immunotherapy Cancer Immunotherapy Update: FDA-Approved Checkpoint Inhibitors and Companion Diagnostics","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"AAPS J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-06-741033","article-title":"CTLA-4: A moving target in immunotherapy","volume":"131","author":"Rowshanravan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2298","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02298","article-title":"The Diverse Function of PD-1\/PD-L Pathway Beyond Cancer","volume":"10","author":"Qin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. 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