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Hence, identifying biomarkers to assess the outcomes of treatments for cancer cachexia is of great interest and important for accelerating future clinical trials. Methods: We established a novel xenograft model for cancer cachexia with a cachectic human PC3* cell line, which was responsive to anti-Fn14 mAb treatment. Using RNA-seq and secretomic analysis, genes differentially expressed in cachectic and non-cachectic tumors were identified and validated by digital droplet PCR (ddPCR). Correlation analysis was performed to investigate their impact on survival in cancer patients. Results: A total of 46 genes were highly expressed in cachectic PC3* tumors, which were downregulated by anti-Fn14 mAb treatment. High expression of the top 10 candidates was correlated with low survival and high cachexia risk in different cancer types. Elevated levels of LCN2 were observed in serum samples from cachectic patients compared with non-cachectic cancer patients. Conclusion: The top 10 candidates identified in this study are candidates as potential biomarkers for cancer cachexia. The diagnostic value of LCN2 in detecting cancer cachexia is confirmed in patient samples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14225533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T21:33:02Z","timestamp":1668115982000},"page":"5533","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Identification of Potential Biomarkers for Cancer Cachexia and Anti-Fn14 Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4142-6190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhipeng","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia"},{"name":"Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8384-2403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingrid J.","family":"Burvenich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kening","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clare","family":"Senko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Glab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renee","family":"Fogliaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhanqi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8039-8391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irvin","family":"Jose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamsa","family":"Puthalakath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick J.","family":"Hoogenraad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia"},{"name":"Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura D.","family":"Osellame","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia"},{"name":"Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew M.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.4251\/wjgo.v7.i4.17","article-title":"Cancer cachexia, mechanism and treatment","volume":"7","author":"Aoyagi","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. 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