{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:14:19Z","timestamp":1791231259963,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":166,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]],"date-time":"2022-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21CA252370"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21CA252370"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EB023924"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EB023924"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000070","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21CA252370"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21CA252370"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000070","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000070","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EB023924"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EB023924"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000070","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Michael Reese Pioneer in Research Award","award":["R21CA252370"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21CA252370"]}]},{"name":"Michael Reese Pioneer in Research Award","award":["R01EB023924"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EB023924"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cell-Penetrating Peptides (CPPs) are short peptides consisting of &lt;30 amino acids. Their ability to translocate through the cell membrane while carrying large cargo biomolecules has been the topic of pre-clinical and clinical trials. The ability to deliver cargo complexes through membranes yields potential for therapeutics and diagnostics for diseases such as cancer. Upon cellular entry, some CPPs have the ability to target specific organelles. CPP-based intracellular targeting strategies hold tremendous potential as they can improve efficacy and reduce toxicities and side effects. Further, recent clinical trials show a significant potential for future CPP-based cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize recent advances in CPPs based on systematic searches in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus databases until 30 September 2022. We highlight targeted delivery and explore the potential uses for CPPs as diagnostics, drug delivery, and intrinsic anti-cancer agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14225546","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T04:21:45Z","timestamp":1668399705000},"page":"5546","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Cell-Penetrating Peptides (CPPs) as Therapeutic and Diagnostic Agents for Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ryan A.","family":"Bottens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tohru","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"},{"name":"Richard & Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2009.00057.x","article-title":"Twenty years of cell-penetrating peptides: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutics","volume":"157","author":"Heitz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. 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