{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T03:20:41Z","timestamp":1792120841697,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":190,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,13]],"date-time":"2022-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"DEBRA Australia"},{"name":"National Breast Cancer Foundation (NBCF) Australia"},{"name":"EB House"},{"name":"Channel 7 Children\u2019s Research Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) is a cell surface proteoglycan that is currently under investigation as a marker of cancer malignancy, and as a potential target of anticancer drug treatment. CSPG4 acts as a driver of tumourigenesis by regulating turnover of the extracellular matrix (ECM) to promote tumour cell invasion, migration as well as inflammation and angiogenesis. While CSPG4 has been widely studied in certain malignancies, such as melanoma, evidence is emerging from global gene expression studies, which suggests a role for CSPG4 in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). While relatively treatable, lack of widely agreed upon diagnostic markers for SCCs is problematic, especially for clinicians managing certain patients, including those who are aged or infirm, as well as those with underlying conditions such as epidermolysis bullosa (EB), for which a delayed diagnosis is likely lethal. In this review, we have discussed the structure of CSPG4, and quantitatively analysed CSPG4 expression in the tissues and pathologies where it has been identified to determine the usefulness of CSPG4 expression as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in management of malignant SCC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14225564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T04:21:45Z","timestamp":1668399705000},"page":"5564","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan 4 as a Marker for Aggressive Squamous Cell Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Yong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia"},{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Zauner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology & Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8705-3890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Verena","family":"Wally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology & Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Whitelock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia"},{"name":"Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mila","family":"Sajinovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8072-4222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zlatko","family":"Kopecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3985-7688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kang","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia"},{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6012-4107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kieran Francis","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert Sleiman","family":"Mellick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia"},{"name":"Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-5950.196135","article-title":"Tumor Markers: A Diagnostic Tool","volume":"7","author":"Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Natl. 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