{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T10:13:26Z","timestamp":1776334406223,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Few guidelines exist for COVID-19 vaccination amongst cancer patients, fostering uncertainty regarding the immunogenicity, safety, and effects of cancer therapies on vaccination, which this review aims to address. A literature review was conducted to include the latest articles covering the immunogenicity and safety of COVID-19 vaccination in patients with solid and hematologic cancers receiving various treatments. Lower seropositivity following vaccination was associated with malignancy (compared to the general population), and hematologic malignancy (compared to solid cancers). Patients receiving active cancer therapy (unspecified), chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunosuppressants generally demonstrated lower seropositivity compared to healthy controls; though checkpoint inhibition, endocrine therapy, and cyclin dependent kinase inhibition did not appear to affect seropositivity. Vaccination appeared safe and well-tolerated in patients with current or past cancer and those undergoing treatment. Adverse events were comparable to the general population, but inflammatory lymphadenopathy following vaccination was commonly reported and may be mistaken for malignant etiology. Additionally, radiation recall phenomenon was sporadically reported in patients who had received radiotherapy. Overall, while seropositivity rates were decreased, cancer patients showed capacity to generate safe and effective immune responses to COVID-19 vaccination, thus vaccination should be encouraged and hesitancy should be addressed in this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14225630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T03:27:44Z","timestamp":1668655664000},"page":"5630","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Cancer Patients and the COVID-19 Vaccines: Considerations and Challenges"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4501-6332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muna","family":"Almasri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khalifa","family":"Bshesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wafa","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Malik","family":"Mushannen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad A.","family":"Salameh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ameena","family":"Shafiq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar"},{"name":"Neurological Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahamed Lazim","family":"Vattoth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadine","family":"Elkassas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9020-0038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dalia","family":"Zakaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Premedical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.2217\/fon-2021-1248","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety Profile of COVID-19 Vaccine in Cancer Patients: A Prospective, Multicenter Cohort Study","volume":"18","author":"Yasin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Futur. 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